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  1. Participation in leisure-time physical activity benefits health and is thought to be more prevalent in higher socioeconomic groups. Evidence indicates that childhood socioeconomic circumstances may have long-t...

    Authors: Ahmed Elhakeem, Rachel Cooper, David Bann and Rebecca Hardy
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:141
  2. Prognostic factors are associated with the risk of future health outcomes in individuals with a particular health condition. The prognostic ability of such factors is increasingly being assessed in both primar...

    Authors: Janine Dretzke, Joie Ensor, Sue Bayliss, James Hodgkinson, Marie Lordkipanidzé, Richard D Riley, David Fitzmaurice and David Moore
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:140
  3. Systematic reviews often investigate the effectiveness of interventions for one sex. However, identifying interventions with data presented according to the sex of study participants can be challenging due to ...

    Authors: Fiona Stewart, Cynthia Fraser, Clare Robertson, Alison Avenell, Daryll Archibald, Flora Douglas, Pat Hoddinott, Edwin van Teijlingen and Dwayne Boyers
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:78
  4. There are more than 100,000 asylum seekers registered in Germany, who are granted limited access to health services. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of the empirical literature on the health s...

    Authors: Christine Schneider, Amir Mohsenpour, Stefanie Joos and Kayvan Bozorgmehr
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:139
  5. Industry sponsorship has been identified as a factor correlating with positive research findings in several fields of medical science. To date, the influence of industry sponsorship in general and abdominal su...

    Authors: Pascal Probst, Kathrin Grummich, Alexis Ulrich, Markus W Büchler, Phillip Knebel and Markus K Diener
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:138
  6. There is no consensus on how authors conducting meta-analysis should deal with trial participants with missing outcome data. The objectives of this study are to assess in Cochrane and non-Cochrane systematic r...

    Authors: Elie A Akl, Lara A Kahale, Arnav Agarwal, Nada Al-Matari, Shanil Ebrahim, Paul Elias Alexander, Matthias Briel, Romina Brignardello-Petersen, Jason W Busse, Batoul Diab, Alfonso Iorio, Joey Kwong, Ling Li, Luciane Cruz Lopes, Reem Mustafa, Ignacio Neumann…
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:137
  7. Although abbreviated surgery with planned reoperation (damage control surgery) is now widely used to manage major trauma patients, the procedure and its component interventions have not been evaluated in rando...

    Authors: Nela Cosic, Derek J Roberts and Henry T Stelfox
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:136
  8. Strong opinions for or against the use of systematic reviews to inform policymaking have been published in the medical literature. The purpose of this paper was to examine whether funding sources and author fi...

    Authors: Susan R Forsyth, Donna H Odierna, David Krauth and Lisa A Bero
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:122
  9. The purpose of our study is to determine the value and efficacy of searching biomedical databases beyond MEDLINE for systematic reviews.

    Authors: Yoojin Kwon, Susan E Powelson, Holly Wong, William A Ghali and John M Conly
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:135
  10. Chronic pain disorders impact the physical, psychological, social, and financial well-being of between 10%–30% of Canadians. The primary aims of psychological interventions targeting chronic pain disorders are...

    Authors: Taylor Hatchard, Chris Lepage, Brian Hutton, Becky Skidmore and Patricia A Poulin
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:134
  11. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating and costly mental disorder. Although commercially available antidepressants have proliferated over the last 20 years, a substantial number of patients either d...

    Authors: Yiyun Liu, Xinyu Zhou, Bin Qin, Cinzia Del Giovane, Yuqing Zhang and Peng Xie
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:133
  12. The majority of North American adult females do not meet current physical activity recommendations (150 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) per week accrued in ≥10 min bouts) ultimat...

    Authors: Stephanie A Prince, Jennifer L Reed, Kara A Nerenberg, Elizabeth A Kristjansson, Swapnil Hiremath, Kristi B Adamo, Heather E Tulloch, Kerri-Anne Mullen, J George Fodor, Erica Wright and Robert D Reid
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:132
  13. Pregnant women who gain excess weight are at risk of complications during pregnancy and in the long term. Interventions based on diet and physical activity minimise gestational weight gain with varied effect o...

    Authors: Anneloes E Ruifrok, Ewelina Rogozinska, Mireille NM van Poppel, Girish Rayanagoudar, Sally Kerry, Christianne JM de Groot, SeonAe Yeo, Emma Molyneaux, Fionnuala M McAuliffe, Lucilla Poston, Tracy Roberts, Richard D Riley, Arri Coomarasamy, Khalid Khan, Ben Willem Mol and Shakila Thangaratinam
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:131

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Systematic Reviews 2015 4:101

  14. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the long-term efficacy of diet plus exercise (D + E) vs. diet (D), D + E vs. exercise (E) and D vs. E on anthropometric outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in ...

    Authors: Lukas Schwingshackl, Sofia Dias and Georg Hoffmann
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:130
  15. Health technology assessment (HTA) is increasingly performed at the local or hospital level where the costs, impacts, and benefits of health technologies can be directly assessed. Although local/hospital-based...

    Authors: Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Marie Desmartis, Thomas Poder and William Witteman
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:129
  16. Various studies are currently investigating ways to prevent lifestyle-related diseases and obesity among workers through interventions using incentive strategies, including price discounts for low-fat snacks a...

    Authors: Kimi Sawada, Erika Ota, Sadequa Shahrook and Rintaro Mori
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:128
  17. Depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) are frequently comorbid and portend higher morbidity, mortality and poorer quality of life. Prior systematic reviews of depression treatment randomized controlled tr...

    Authors: Phillip J Tully and Harald Baumeister
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:127
  18. Publication bias is a major threat to the validity of systematic reviews. Searches of clinical trials registries can help to identify unpublished trials, though little is known about how often these resources ...

    Authors: Christopher W Jones, Lukas G Keil, Mark A Weaver and Timothy F Platts-Mills
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:126
  19. There has been a growing emphasis on evidence-informed decision-making in health care. Systematic reviews, such as those produced by the Cochrane Collaboration, have been a key component of this movement. The ...

    Authors: Frances Bunn, Daksha Trivedi, Phil Alderson, Laura Hamilton, Alice Martin and Steve Iliffe
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:125
  20. Major depressive disorder (MDD) may be present in 10%–20% of patients in medical settings. Routine depression screening is sometimes recommended to improve depression management. However, studies of the diagno...

    Authors: Brett D Thombs, Andrea Benedetti, Lorie A Kloda, Brooke Levis, Ioana Nicolau, Pim Cuijpers, Simon Gilbody, John P A Ioannidis, Dean McMillan, Scott B Patten, Ian Shrier, Russell J Steele and Roy C Ziegelstein
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:124
  21. There is growing interest in the use of blood components for pre-hospital resuscitation of patients with major traumatic haemorrhage. It has been speculated that early resuscitation with blood components may h...

    Authors: Janine Dretzke, Iain M Smith, Robert H James and Mark J Midwinter
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:123
  22. The production of high quality systematic reviews requires rigorous methods that are time-consuming and resource intensive. Citation screening is a key step in the systematic review process. An opportunity to ...

    Authors: Lauren Ng, Veronica Pitt, Kit Huckvale, Ornella Clavisi, Tari Turner, Russell Gruen and Julian H Elliott
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:121
  23. Adults spend the majority of their time being sedentary, and evidence suggests that those who spend more of their day engaged in sedentary activities (TV viewing, sitting, screen-based activities) are at incre...

    Authors: Stephanie A Prince, Katelin M Gresty, Jennifer L Reed, Erica Wright, Mark S Tremblay and Robert D Reid
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:120
  24. Medical device procurement processes for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are a poorly understood and researched topic. To support LMIC policy formulation in this area, international public health orga...

    Authors: Karin Diaconu, Yen-Fu Chen, Semira Manaseki-Holland, Carole Cummins and Richard Lilford
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:118
  25. Neuroborreliosis is a tick-borne infectious disease of the nervous system caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Common clinical manifestations of neuroborreliosis are cranial nerve dysfunctions, polyradiculoneuritis, a...

    Authors: Rick Dersch, Michael H Freitag, Stefanie Schmidt, Harriet Sommer, Gerta Rücker, Sebastian Rauer and Joerg J Meerpohl
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:117
  26. Antipsychotic medications, particularly second-generation antipsychotics, are increasingly being used to alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders in the pediatric population. W...

    Authors: Eric Druyts, Shawn Eapen, Ping Wu and Kristian Thorlund
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:116
  27. Scleroderma affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in 90% of all cases. Malnutrition, diarrhea, and constipation are some GI complications that can stem from scleroderma, and they contribute considerably to i...

    Authors: Brian Younho Hong, Raymond Giang, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Maggie Larche and Lehana Thabane
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:115
  28. Review of theory is an area of growing methodological advancement. Theoretical reviews are particularly useful where the literature is complex, multi-discipline, or contested. It has been suggested that adopti...

    Authors: Mhairi Campbell, Matt Egan, Theo Lorenc, Lyndal Bond, Frank Popham, Candida Fenton and Michaela Benzeval
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:114
  29. Research has indicated that adverse effects terms are increasingly prevalent in the title, abstract or indexing terms of articles that contain adverse drug effects data in MEDLINE and Embase. However, it is un...

    Authors: Su Golder, Kath Wright and Mark Rodgers
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:113
  30. Risk for lung cancer in workers exposed to benzidine (BZ) and/or beta-naphthylamine (BNA), which are well-known bladder carcinogens, has been examined in many epidemiological studies, but individual epidemiolo...

    Authors: Kimiko Tomioka, Keigo Saeki, Kenji Obayashi, Yuu Tanaka and Norio Kurumatani
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:112
  31. Childhood overweight and obesity are associated with significant health consequences. Early and successful treatment of this public health issue is necessary. Although several intervention programs for childre...

    Authors: Laila B van der Heijden, Edith JM Feskens and Arieke J Janse
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:111
  32. The use of network meta-analysis has increased dramatically in recent years. WinBUGS, a freely available Bayesian software package, has been the most widely used software package to conduct network meta-analys...

    Authors: Stephen Brown, Brian Hutton, Tammy Clifford, Doug Coyle, Daniel Grima, George Wells and Chris Cameron
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:110
  33. Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, impose significant burden to public health. Most chronic diseases are associated with underlying preventable risk factors, such as elevated...

    Authors: Candyce Hamel, Adrienne Stevens, Kavita Singh, Mohammed T Ansari, Esther Myers, Paula Ziegler, Brian Hutton, Arya Sharma, Lise M Bjerre, Shannon Fenton, David CW Lau, Kathryn O’Hara, Robert Reid, Erinn Salewski, Ian Shrier, Noreen Willows…
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:108
  34. Seventeen of 172 included studies in a recent systematic review of blood tests for hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis reported diagnostic accuracy results discordant from 2 × 2 tables, and 60 studies reported inade...

    Authors: Shelley S Selph, Alexander D Ginsburg and Roger Chou
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:107
  35. Chronic musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent, affecting around one in five people across Europe. Osteoarthritis, low back pain, neck pain and other musculoskeletal disorders are leading causes of disabilit...

    Authors: Joanne Marley, Mark A Tully, Alison Porter-Armstrong, Brendan Bunting, John O’Hanlon and Suzanne M McDonough
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:106
  36. Opioids are psychoactive analgesic drugs prescribed for pain relief and palliative care. Due to their addictive potential, effort and vigilance in controlling prescriptions is needed to avoid misuse and depend...

    Authors: Brittany Burns Dennis, Leen Naji, Monica Bawor, Ashley Bonner, Michael Varenbut, Jeff Daiter, Carolyn Plater, Guillaume Pare, David C Marsh, Andrew Worster, Dipika Desai, Zainab Samaan and Lehana Thabane
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:105
  37. A high level of resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed against penicillins, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and quinolones, and recent surveillance data have shown a gradual reduction in sensitivity to cu...

    Authors: Emma Hathorn, Divya Dhasmana, Lelia Duley and Jonathan DC Ross
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:104
  38. Lean is a set of operating philosophies and methods that help create a maximum value for patients by reducing waste and waits. It emphasizes the consideration of the customer’s needs, employee involvement and ...

    Authors: Adegboyega K Lawal, Thomas Rotter, Leigh Kinsman, Nazmi Sari, Liz Harrison, Cathy Jeffery, Mareike Kutz, Mohammad F Khan and Rachel Flynn
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:103
  39. There is a high unmet need for effective treatments for patients with squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eli Lilly and Company is conducting a phase III, randomized, multicenter, open-label study of ...

    Authors: Amy M DeLozier, Jacqueline Brown, Fanni Natanegara, Luping Zhao, Zhanglin Lin Cui, Stephen L Able, Lee Bowman, Joseph Treat and Lisa M Hess
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:102
  40. Safety of vaccines remains a cornerstone of building public trust on the use of these cost-effective and life-saving public health interventions. In some settings, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a h...

    Authors: Benjamin M Kagina, Charles S Wiysonge, Maia Lesosky, Shabir A Madhi and Gregory D Hussey
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:101
  41. Vaccines are the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions available to avert vaccine-preventable diseases and deaths. Despite progress in the field of adolescent health, many young people...

    Authors: Leila H Abdullahi, Benjamin M Kagina, Tali Cassidy, Esther F Adebayo, Charles S Wiysonge and Gregory D Hussey
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:100
  42. Livestock and poultry operations that feed large numbers of animals are common. Facility capacity varies, but it is not uncommon for facilities to house 1,000 swine with multiple barns at a single site, feedlo...

    Authors: Annette M O’Connor, Brent W Auvermann, Julian PT Higgins, Shelley P Kirychuk, Jan M Sargeant, Susanna G Von Essen, Julie M Glanville and Hannah Wood
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:99
  43. Quality improvement (QI) methods are widely used in surgery in an effort to improve care, often using techniques such as Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles to implement specific interventions. Explicit definition of bot...

    Authors: Emma Jones, Nicholas Lees, Graham Martin and Mary Dixon-Woods
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:98
  44. Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are examples of chronic diseases that impose significant morbidity and mortality in the general population worldwide. Most chronic diseases are associated with underl...

    Authors: Adrienne Stevens, Candyce Hamel, Kavita Singh, Mohammed T Ansari, Esther Myers, Paula Ziegler, Brian Hutton, Arya Sharma, Lise M Bjerre, Shannon Fenton, Robert Gow, Stasia Hadjiyannakis, Kathryn O’Hara, Catherine Pound, Erinn Salewski, Ian Shrier…
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:96
  45. The production, prescription, and consumption of opioid analgesics to treat non-cancer pain have increased dramatically in the USA in the past decade. As a result, misuse of these opioids has increased; overdo...

    Authors: Ashly E Jordan, Don Des Jarlais and Holly Hagan
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:95
  46. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury is a common cause of iatrogenic acute kidney injury (AKI). Most of the published estimates of AKI after contrast use originate from the cardiac catheterization literature d...

    Authors: Jeanne Françoise Kayibanda, Swapnil Hiremath, Greg A Knoll, Dean Fergusson, Benjamin JW Chow, Wael Shabana and Ayub Akbari
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:94
  47. Community pharmacists can deliver health care advice at an opportunistic level, related to prescription or non-prescription medicines and as part of focused services designed to reduce specific risks to health...

    Authors: Adam Todd, Helen J Moore, Andrew K Husband, Clare Bambra, Adetayo Kasim, Falko F Sniehotta, Liz Steed and Carolyn D Summerbell
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2014 3:93

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