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  1. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension statement for network meta-analysis (NMA) published in 2015 promotes comprehensive reporting in published systematic re...

    Authors: Areti Angeliki Veroniki, Sofia Tsokani, Stella Zevgiti, Irene Pagkalidou, Katerina-Maria Kontouli, Pinar Ambarcioglu, Nikos Pandis, Carole Lunny, Adriani Nikolakopoulou, Theodoros Papakonstantinou, Anna Chaimani, Sharon E. Straus, Brian Hutton, Andrea C. Tricco, Dimitris Mavridis and Georgia Salanti
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:246
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Systematic Reviews 2022 11:112

  2. In many units around the world, microsurgical free-tissue transfer represents the gold standard for reconstruction of significant soft tissue defects following cancer, trauma or infection. However, many recons...

    Authors: Henry T. de Berker, Urška Čebron, Daniel Bradley, Vinod Patel, Meklit Berhane, Fernando Almas, Gary Walton, Mekonen Eshete, Mark McGurk, Dominique Martin and Calum Honeyman
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:245
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  3. The use of process evaluations is a growing area of interest in research groups working on complex interventions. This methodology tries to understand how the intervention was implemented to inform policy and ...

    Authors: María Lazo-Porras, Hueiming Liu, J. Jaime Miranda, Graham Moore, Mafalda Burri, François Chappuis, Pablo Perel and David Beran
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:244
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  4. Conflicting findings and the analysis of unpublished and retracted data have led to controversy on the safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in people with COVID-...

    Authors: Malindu E. Fernando, Aaron Drovandi and Jonathan Golledge
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:243
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is accelerated by the widespread and often indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and the environment. In 2015, the World Health Organization recognised AMR as ...

    Authors: Aparna Ananthakrishnan, Chris Painter and Yot Teerawattananon
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:242
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  6. Back pain is a widespread health problem that accounts for substantial disability and high costs. The workplace is considered to critically affect the occurrence and persistence of back pain and therefore offe...

    Authors: Angelika Eisele-Metzger, Daria S. Schoser, Kathrin Grummich, Guido Schwarzer, Lukas Schwingshackl, Bianca Biallas, Christiane Wilke, Joerg J. Meerpohl and Cordula Braun
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:241
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  7. Relative to their counterparts in the general population, young people who leave, or transition out of, out-of-home (OOHC) arrangements commonly experience poorer outcomes across a range of indicators, includi...

    Authors: David J. A. Taylor, Aron Shlonsky, Bianca Albers, Sangita Chakraborty, Jane Lewis, Phillip Mendes, Geraldine Macdonald and Kevin Williams
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:240
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  8. Adolescence and young adulthood is a risk period for the emergence of mental disorders. There is strong evidence that psychotherapeutic interventions are effective for most mental disorders. However, very litt...

    Authors: Eleni Vousoura, Vera Gergov, Bogdan Tudor Tulbure, Nigel Camilleri, Andrea Saliba, LuisJoaquin Garcia-Lopez, Ioana R. Podina, Tamara Prevendar, Henriette Löffler-Stastka, Giuseppe Augusto Chiarenza, Martin Debbané, Silvana Markovska-Simoska, Branka Milic, Sandra Torres, Randi Ulberg and Stig Poulsen
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:239
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  9. While one in three women around the world are estimated to have experienced intimate partner or sexual violence, these rates are often exacerbated during conflict and humanitarian crisis. This systematic revie...

    Authors: Maureen Murphy, Mary Ellsberg, Aminat Balogun and Claudia Garcia-Moreno
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:238
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  10. In pediatric palliative care (PPC), there is a need to involve the child’s voice in situations regarding their symptoms and care needs. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be tools to systematically ...

    Authors: Heidi Holmen, Anette Winger, Simen A. Steindal, Charlotte Castor, Lisbeth Gravdal Kvarme, Kirsti Riiser, Kari L. Mariussen and Anja Lee
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:237
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  11. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are critical in health-related decision-making, and are considered the gold standard in research synthesis methods. However, with new trials being regularly published and w...

    Authors: Julieta Sabates, Sylvie Belleville, Mary Castellani, Tzvi Dwolatzky, Benjamin M. Hampstead, Amit Lampit, Sharon Simon, Kaarin Anstey, Belinda Goodenough, Serafino Mancuso, Davis Marques, Richard Sinnott and Alex Bahar-Fuchs
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:236
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  12. “Assessing risk of bias in human environmental epidemiology studies using three tools: different conclusions from different tools,” a recent publication in this journal, applied the study evaluation approach d...

    Authors: Elizabeth G. Radke, Barbara S. Glenn and Andrew D. Kraft
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:235
    Content type: Letter Published on:

  13. Several comorbidity indices have been created to estimate and adjust for the burden of comorbidity. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the ability of different comorbidity indi...

    Authors: Per Hviid Gundtoft, Mari Jørstad, Julie Ladeby Erichsen, Hagen Schmal and Bjarke Viberg
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:234
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Many randomized controlled trials fail to reach their target sample size. When coupled with the omission and underrepresentation of disadvantaged groups in randomized controlled trials, many trials fail to obt...

    Authors: Abigail LaPlante, Renata W. Yen, Talia Isaacs, Joanna Crocker, Zsofia Demjen, Danielle Schubbe, Alice M. Kennedy, Jaclyn Engel, Nancy O’Brien, Carla Richters and Marie-Anne Durand
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:233
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  15. Suicide is a leading cause of death in children and youth, with suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts (referred to as non-fatal suicidal behaviors (NFSB)) being among its strongest predictors. Positive parent...

    Authors: Florence Perquier, Sarah Hetrick, Terri Rodak, Xin Jing, Wei Wang, Katherine T. Cost, Peter Szatmari and Madison Aitken
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:232
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  16. Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors originating from mesenchymal or connective tissue. They represent less than 1% of all adult cancers. The etiology and epidemiology of sarcomas remain under...

    Authors: D. Edwards, A. Voronina, K. Attwood and A. Grand’Maison
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:231
    Content type: Systematic review update Published on:

  18. Although measures have been put in place, musculoskeletal injuries are noticeable high among the nursing fraternity with low back pain (LBP) being the most prevalent. It is evident that healthcare professional...

    Authors: Kagiso Kgakge, Mbuzeleni Hlongwa and Themba Ginindza
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:229
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  19. Parents can be psychologically impacted when their children are diagnosed with eye diseases, such as blindness, strabismus, and eye cancer. Stress can reduce the quality of parental care and may be linked to t...

    Authors: Julio Cesar Souza-Silva, Cleusa Alves Martins, Marco Túlio Antônio Garciazapata and Maria Alves Barbosa
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:228
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  20. Major depressive disorder is a common psychiatric disorder causing great burden on patients and societies. Tricyclic antidepressants are frequently used worldwide to treat patients with major depressive disord...

    Authors: Caroline Kamp Jørgensen, Sophie Juul, Faiza Siddiqui, Marija Barbateskovic, Klaus Munkholm, Michael Pascal Hengartner, Irving Kirsch, Christian Gluud and Janus Christian Jakobsen
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:227
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  21. The General Movements Assessment is a non-invasive and cost-effective tool with demonstrated reliability for identifying infants at risk for cerebral palsy. Early detection of cerebral palsy allows for the imp...

    Authors: Judy Seesahai, Maureen Luther, Paige Terrien Church, Patricia Maddalena, Elizabeth Asztalos, Thomas Rotter and Rudaina Banihani
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:226
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has high morbidity and mortality. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is commonly used in patients with ARDS but the best method to select the optimal PEEP le...

    Authors: Manuel Tisminetzky, Jose Dianti, Bruno L. Ferreyro, Federico Angriman, Lorenzo Del Sorbo, Sachin Sud, Daniel Talmor, Eddy Fan, Niall D. Ferguson, Ary Serpa Neto, Neill K. J. Adhikari and Ewan C. Goligher
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:225
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  23. Research suggests that childhood psychological maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse and emotional neglect) is associated with mental health problems that persist into adulthood, for example anxiety, depression,...

    Authors: Zhuoni Xiao, Mina Murat Baldwin, Franziska Meinck, Ingrid Obsuth and Aja Louise Murray
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:224
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  26. Hospitals operate under constant pressure to contain costs and improve the quality of care. The literature suggests that there is an association between health care providers’ financial performance and the qua...

    Authors: Katarzyna Dubas-Jakóbczyk, Ewa Kocot, Marzena Tambor and Wilm Quentin
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:221
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  27. Hypertension has become an important public health concern in the developing world owing to rising prevalence and its adverse impact on ailing health systems. Despite being a modifiable risk factor for cardiov...

    Authors: Fidelis Atibila, Gill ten Hoor, Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh, Abdul Iddrisu Wahab and Gerjo Kok
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:220
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. N95 respiratory protection masks are used by healthcare professionals to prevent contamination from infectious microorganisms transmitted by droplets or aerosols.

    Authors: Livia Fernandes Probst, Ana Tereza Gomes Guerrero, Andréia Insabralde de Queiroz Cardoso, Antonio Jose Grande, Mariana Garcia Croda, James Venturini, Maria Cristina de Camargo Fonseca, Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago, Jorge Otávio Maia Barreto and Sandra Maria do Vale Leone de Oliveira
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:219
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common gluten-related disorders. Although the only effective treatment is a strict gluten-free diet, doubts remain as to whether healthcare professionals take this restri...

    Authors: Irene Lizano-Díez, Eduardo L. Mariño and Pilar Modamio
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:218
    Content type: Systematic review update Published on:

  31. Although oral opioid agonist therapies (OATs), buprenorphine and methadone, are effective first-line treatments, OAT remains largely underutilized due to low retention rates and wide variation across programs....

    Authors: Jan Klimas, Michee-Ana Hamilton, Lauren Gorfinkel, Ahmed Adam, Walter Cullen and Evan Wood
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:216
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Men are less likely to participate in health promotion. One approach to reach men is the concept of men’s sheds. This community-based health promotion concept brings older men together to engage in joint activ...

    Authors: Birte Marie Albrecht, Linda Foettinger and Karin Bammann
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:215
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  33. Antipsychotic drugs and especially the newer compounds are known to cause metabolic side effects. However, a comprehensive comparison of the different substances regarding their propensity to cause metabolic s...

    Authors: Johannes Schneider-Thoma, Angelika Kapfhammer, Dongfang Wang, Irene Bighelli, Spyridon Siafis, Hui Wu, Wulf-Peter Hansen, John M. Davis, Georgia Salanti and Stefan Leucht
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:214
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  34. Considerable disparities exist on the use of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Hence, the current systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of ADSCs...

    Authors: Seyedeh Niloufar Rafiei Alavi, Arian Madani Neishaboori, Hasti Hossein, Arash Sarveazad and Mahmoud Yousefifard
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:213
    Content type: Systematic review update Published on:

  35. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiac as well as coronary impairment evaluated using imaging modalities. Finding of this...

    Authors: Mi Lu, Zhenjia Wang, Xiaojun Zhan and Yongxiang Wei
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:212
    Content type: Systematic review update Published on:

  36. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of years of life lost globally. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) drive disease progression, reduce quality of life and are a source of mortalit...

    Authors: Ruan Spies, Matthew Potter, Ruan Hollamby, Stefan van der Walt, Ameer Hohlfeld, Eleanor Ochodo and Richard N. van Zyl-Smit
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:211
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  37. There is abundant evidence for sex differences in the diagnosis, implantation, and outcomes for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. Controversial data suggesting women are less likely to receive t...

    Authors: Omar Dewidar, David Birnie, Irina Podinic, Vivian Welch and George A. Wells
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:210
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  38. It is well recognised that access and receipt of appropriate guideline recommended treatment with systemic anti-cancer therapies for secondary breast cancer is a key determinant in overall survival. Where ther...

    Authors: Sally Anne Pearson, Sally Taylor, Antonia Marsden and Janelle Yorke
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:209
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  39. There has been an exponential growth in the number of clinical research studies regarding exercise training in multiple sclerosis, and literature reviews and meta-analyses have documented the many benefits of ...

    Authors: Y. C. Learmonth, L. A. Pilutti, M. P. Herring, R. W. Motl, B. Chan and A. P. Metse
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:208
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  40. Children’s academic readiness has important implications for subsequent achievement and psychosocial functioning. A growing number of studies are utilizing randomized controlled trials (RCT) to examine whether...

    Authors: Heather Prime, Krysta Andrews, Andrea Gonzalez, Magdalena Janus, Andrea C. Tricco, Teresa Bennett and Leslie Atkinson
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:207
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  41. Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the most common cause of posterior uveitis, which leads to visual impairment in a large proportion of patients. Antibiotics and corticosteroids lower the risk of permanent visual l...

    Authors: John E. Feliciano-Alfonso, Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz, María Alejandra Marín-Noriega, Andrés Vargas-Villanueva, Laura Triviño-Blanco, Natalia Carvajal-Saiz and Alejandra de-la-Torre
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:206
    Content type: Systematic review update Published on:

  42. Biologic drugs such as adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab represent major first-line and second-line treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, their high cost poses a massive burden on he...

    Authors: Bruna O. Ascef, Matheus O. Almeida, Ana Cristina de Medeiros Ribeiro, Danieli C. O. Andrade, Haliton A. de Oliveira Júnior, Tiago V. Pereira and Patrícia C. de Soárez
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:205
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  43. Adolescence is a period of rapid physical growth and transition between childhood to adulthood. However, in many developing countries, nutritional and epidemiological transitions are contributing to surging ov...

    Authors: Sachin Shinde, Dongqing Wang and Wafaie W Fawzi
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:204
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  44. Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), malaria and soil-transmitted helminthiasis continue to impose a significant global health burden and socio-economic impact. Globally, minority indigenous people a...

    Authors: Beth Gilmour, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Naomi E. Clarke and Archie C. A. Clements
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:203
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  45. The pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus reduces the risk of cardiovascular events.; however, most patients do not adhere to the treatment. There are several self-r...

    Authors: Henrique Ceretta Oliveira, Daisuke Hayashi Neto, Samantha Dalbosco Lins Carvalho, Rita de Cássia Lopes Barros, Mayza Luzia dos Santos Neves, Carla Renata Silva Andrechuk, Neusa Maria Costa Alexandre and Roberta Cunha Matheus Rodrigues
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:202
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  46. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and are extensively used to treat post-traumatic or surgical musculoskeletal pain. Although an extensive ...

    Authors: Haider Al-Waeli, Ana Paula Reboucas, Alaa Mansour, Martin Morris, Faleh Tamimi and Belinda Nicolau
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:201
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Rheumatic heart disease is preventable, yet associated with significant health burden, mostly in low-resourced settings. It is prevalent among children and young adults living in impoverished areas. Primordial...

    Authors: Panduleni Penipawa Shimanda, Tonderai Washington Shumba, Mattias Brunström, Stefan Söderberg, Lars Lindholm, Scholastika Ndatinda Iipinge and Fredrik Norström
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:200
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  48. People living with dementia (PLWD) are at significant risk of developing urinary and/or faecal incontinence and are also at risk of functional incontinence or being labelled as being incontinent. Despite the g...

    Authors: Deborah Edwards, Jane Harden, Aled Jones and Katie Featherstone
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:199
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Polypharmacy, often defined as the concomitant use of ≥ 5 medications, has been identified as a significant global public health threat. Aging and multimorbidity are key drivers of polypharmacy and have been l...

    Authors: Ikechi G. Okpechi, Mohammed M. Tinwala, Shezel Muneer, Deenaz Zaidi, Feng Ye, Laura N. Hamonic, Maryam Khan, Naima Sultana, Scott Brimble, Allan Grill, Scott Klarenbach, Cliff Lindeman, Amber Molnar, Dorothea Nitsch, Paul Ronksley, Soroush Shojai…
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:198
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  50. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted consistent inequities in incidence, disease severity, and mortality across racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States (US) and beyond...

    Authors: Neia Prata Menezes, Jowanna Malone, Carrie Lyons, Kechna Cadet, Lorraine Dean, Gregorio Millett and Stefan Baral
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2021 10:196
    Content type: Protocol Published on:
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