Papaioannou A, Morin S, Cheung AM, Atkinson S, Brown JP, Feldman S, et al. 2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: Summary. CMAJ. 2010;182:1864–73.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Leslie WD, Berger C, Langsetmo L, Lix LM, Adachi JD, Hanley DA, et al. Construction and validation of a simplified fracture risk assessment tool for Canadian women and men: results from the CaMos and Manitoba cohorts. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:1873–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leslie WD, Lix LM, Langsetmo L, Berger C, Goltzman D, Hanley DA, et al. Construction of a FRAX® model for the assessment of fracture probability in Canada and implications for treatment. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:817–27.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, Cooper C, Clarke S, Fong-Soe-Khioe R, Fordham R, et al. Screening in the community to reduce fractures in older women (SCOOP): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391:741–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Elders PJM, Merlijn T, Swart KMA, van Hout W, van der Zwaard BC, Niemeijer C, et al. Design of the SALT Osteoporosis Study: a randomised pragmatic trial, to study a primary care screening and treatment program for the prevention of fractures in women aged 65 years or older. BMC Musculoskel Disord. 2017;18:424.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kanis JA. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Lancet. 2002;359:1929–36.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cranney A, Jamal SA, Tsang JF, Josse RG, Leslie WD. Low bone mineral density and fracture burden in postmenopausal women. CMAJ. 2007;177:575–80.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tenenhouse A, Joseph L, Kreiger N, Poliquin S, Murray TM, Blondeau L, et al. Estimation of the prevalence of low bone density in Canadian women and men using a population-specific DXA reference standard: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Osteoporos Int. 2000;11:897–904.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leslie WD, Schousboe JT. A review of osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment options in new and recently updated guidelines on case finding around the world. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2011;9:129–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
British Columbia Medical Association, British Columbia Ministry of Health. Osteoporosis: diagnosis, treatment, and fracture prevention. 2012. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/osteoporosis. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Google Scholar
Khan A, Fortier M. Menopause and Osteoporosis Working Group. Osteoporosis in menopause. JOGC. 2014;36:839–40.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Siminoski K, O'Keeffe M, Brown JP, Burrell S, Coupland D, Dumont M, et al. Canadian Association of Radiologists technical standards for bone mineral densitometry reporting. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2013;64:281–94.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Allin S, Munce S, Carlin L, Butt D, Tu K, Hawker G, et al. Fracture risk assessment after BMD examination: whose job is it, anyway? Osteoporos Int. 2014;25:1445–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sale JE, Bogoch E, Meadows L, Gignac M, Frankel L, Inrig T, et al. Bone mineral density reporting underestimates fracture risk in Ontario. Health (Irvine Calif.). 2015;7:566–71.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Majumdar SR. Implementation research in osteoporosis: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2014;26:453–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rubin KH, Friis-Holmberg T, Hermann AP, Abrahamsen B, Brixen K. Risk assessment tools to identify women with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture: complexity or simplicity? A systematic review. JBMR. 2013;28:1701–17.
Article
Google Scholar
Lentle B, Cheung AM, Hanley DA, Leslie WD, Lyons D, Papaioannou A, et al. Osteoporosis Canada 2010 guidelines for the assessment of fracture risk. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2011;62:243–50.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Prior JC, Langsetmo L, Lentle BC, Berger C, Goltzman D, Kovacs CS, et al. Ten-year incident osteoporosis-related fractures in the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study — comparing site and age-specific risks in women and men. Bone. 2015;71:237–43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Viswanathan M, Reddy S, Berkman N, et al. Screening to prevent osteoporotic fractures: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;319:2532–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Little EA, Eccles MP. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to improve post-fracture investigation and management of patients at risk of osteoporosis. Implementation Sci. 2010;5:80.
Article
Google Scholar
Ganda K, Puech M, Chen JS, Speerin R, Bleasel J, Center JR, et al. Models of care for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:393–406.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Majumdar SR, Lier DA, Hanley DA, Juby AG, Beaupre LA, for the Stop-Prihs Team. Economic evaluation of a population-based osteoporosis intervention for outpatients with non-traumatic non-hip fractures: the “Catch a Break” 1i [type C] FLS. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28:1965–77.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Friedman SM, Mendelson DA. Epidemiology of fragility fractures. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014;30:175–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McCloskey EV, Vasireddy S, Threlkeld J, Eastaugh J, Parry A, Bonnet N, et al. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) with a densitometer predicts future fractures in elderly women unselected for osteoporosis. JBMR. 2008;23:1561–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Morin SN, Lix LM, Leslie WD. The importance of previous fracture site on osteoporosis diagnosis and incident fractures in women. JBMR. 2014;29:1675–80.
Article
Google Scholar
Hodsman AB, Leslie WD, Tsang JF, Gamble GD. 10-year probability of recurrent fractures following wrist and other osteoporotic fractures in a large clinical cohort: an analysis from the manitoba bone density program. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:2261–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Predicting risk of osteoporotic fracture in men and women in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of Qfracture scores. BMJ. 2009;339.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Robbins J, Aragaki AK, Kooperberg C, et al. Factors associated with 5-year risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 2007;298(20):2389–98.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Langdahl BL. Osteoporosis in premenopausal women. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2017;29:410–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cohen A. Premenopausal osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2017;46:117–33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. WHO Technical Report Series: assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Geneva; 1994.
Sheu A, Diamond T. Secondary osteoporosis. Aust Prescr. 2016;39:85.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hopkins RB, Burke N, Von Keyserlingk C, Leslie WD, Morin SN, Adachi JD, et al. The current economic burden of illness of osteoporosis in Canada. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27:3023–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tarride JE, Hopkins RB, Leslie WD, Morin S, Adachi JD, Papaioannou A, et al. The burden of illness of osteoporosis in Canada. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23:2591–600.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Public Health Agency of Canada. Public Health Infobase: Canadian Chronic Disease Indicators. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2018.
Google Scholar
Adachi JD, Adami S, Gehlbach S, Anderson FA, Boonen S, Chapurlat RD, et al. Impact of prevalent fractures on quality of life: baseline results from the global longitudinal study of osteoporosis in women. May Clin Proc. 2010;85:806–13.
Article
Google Scholar
Ioannidis G, Papaioannou A, Hopman WM, Akhtar-Danesh N, Anastassiades T, Pickard L, et al. Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. CMAJ. 2009;181:265–71.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Papaioannou A, Kennedy CC, Ioannidis G, Sawka A, Hopman WM, Pickard L, et al. The impact of incident fractures on health-related quality of life: 5 years of data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20:703–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jackson SA, Tenenhouse A, Robertson L, and the CaMos Study Group. Vertebral fracture definition from population-based data: preliminary results from the Canadian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Osteoporos Int. 2000;11:680–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schousboe JT. Epidemiology of vertebral fractures. J Clin Densitom. 2016;19:8–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schousboe JT, Lix LM, Morin SN, Derkatch S, Bryanton M, Alhrbi M, et al. Prevalent vertebral fracture on bone density lateral spine (VFA) images in routine clinical practice predict incident fractures. Bone. 2019;121:72–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Puisto V, Rissanen H, Heliövaara M, Impivaara O, Jalanko T, Kröger H, et al. Vertebral fracture and cause-specific mortality: a prospective population study of 3210 men and 3730 women with 30 years of follow-up. Eur Spine J. 2011;20:2181–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, De Laet C, Jonsson B. Excess mortality after hospitalisation for vertebral fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2004;15:108–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Teng GG. Curtis eR, Saag KG. Mortality and osteoporotic fractures: is the link causal, and is it modifiable? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26:S125–S37.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Aspray TJ. Fragility fracture: recent developments in risk assessment. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2015;7:17–25.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
United States Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018;319:2521–31.
Article
Google Scholar
Ward RJ, Roberts CC, Bencardino JT, Arnold E, Baccei SJ, Cassidy RC, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® osteoporosis and bone mineral density. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14:S189–202.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin N. 129. Osteoporosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120:718–34.
Article
Google Scholar
Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:23–57.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
National Clinical Guideline Centre. Osteoporosis: assessing the risk of fragility fracture. London: National Institue for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE); 2012.
Google Scholar
Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, Gittoes N, Gregson C, Harvey N, et al. UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos. 2017;12:43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. ISCD official position: adults. 2015. https://www.iscd.org/official-positions/2015-iscd-official-positions-adult/. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Watts NB, Adler RA, Bilezikian JP, Drake MT, Eastell R, Orwoll ES, et al. Osteoporosis in men: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:1802–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beithon J, Gallenberg M, Johnson K, Kildahl P, Krenik J, Liebow M, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement: diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. 2017. Available from: https://www.icsi.org/guidelines__more/catalog_guidelines_and_more/catalog_guidelines/catalog_womens_health_guidelines/osteoporosis/. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Eastell R, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, Murad MH, Shoback D. Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:1595–622.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV. A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX: a report prepared for the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group and the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Arch Osteoporos. 2016;11:25.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kanis JA, Odén A, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Wahl DA, Cooper C. A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23:2239–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Moons KGM, de Groot JAH, Bouwmeester W, Vergouwe Y, Mallett S, Altman DG, et al. Critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies: the CHARMS checklist. PLOS Med. 2014;11:e1001744.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures. (SIGN publication no. 142). Edinburgh: SIGN; 2015.
Google Scholar
Leslie WD, Tsang JF, Caetano PA, Lix LM. Number of osteoporotic sites and fracture risk assessment: a cohort study from the Manitoba bone density program. JBMR. 2009;22:476–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, et al. The use of multiple sites for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17:527–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hans DB, Kanis JA, Baim S, Bilezikian JP, Binkley N, Cauley JA, et al. Joint Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and International Osteoporosis Foundation on FRAX(R). Executive summary of the 2010 position development conference on interpretation and use of FRAX(R) in clinical practice. J Clin Densitom. 2011;14:171–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA. Spine-hip discordance and fracture risk assessment: a physician-friendly FRAX enhancement. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:839–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leslie WD, Kovacs CS, Olszynski WP, Towheed T, Kaiser SM, Prior JC, et al. Spine-hip T-score difference predicts major osteoporotic fracture risk independent of FRAX(R): a population-based report from CAMOS. J Clin Densitom. 2011;14(3):286–93.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Johansson H, Kanis JA, Oden A, Leslie WD, Fujiwara S, Gluer CC, et al. Impact of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD discordances on FRAX probabilities in women: a meta-analysis of international cohorts. Calcif Tissue Int. 2014;95:428–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lentle BC, Berger C, Probyn L, Brown JP, Langsetmo L, Fine B, et al. Comparative analysis of the radiology of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in women and men: cross-sectional and longitudinal observations from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33:569–79.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jiang G, Eastell R, Barrington NA, Ferrar L. Comparison of methods for the visual identification of prevalent vertebral fracture in osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2004;15:887–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Griffith JF, Adams JE, Genant HK. Chapter 37: diagnosis and classification of vertebral fracture. In: Rosen C, editor. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 8th ed: American Society for Bone and Mineral Research; 2013.
Sheu A, Diamond T. Diagnostic tests: bone mineral density: testing for osteoporosis. Aust Prescr. 2016;39:35.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, Lewiecki EM, Tanner B, Randall S, et al. Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25:2359–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dawson-Hughes B, Tosteson ANA, Melton LJ, Baim S, Favus MJ, Khosla S, et al. Implications of absolute fracture risk assessment for osteoporosis practice guidelines in the USA. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19:449–58.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tosteson ANA, Melton LJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Baim S, Favus MJ, Khosla S, et al. Cost-effective osteoporosis treatment thresholds: the United States perspective. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19:437–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Siminoski K, Leslie WD, Frame H, Hodsman A, Josse RG, Khan A, et al. Recommendations for bone mineral density reporting in Canada. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2005;56:178–88.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vernunft A. Osteoporose. Knochenbruch- Krankheit. Österreichs: Pharmig, Verband der pharmazeutischen Industrie; 2010.
Google Scholar
Makras P, Vaiopoulos G, Lyritis GP. 2011 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in Greece. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2012;12:38–42.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lakatos P, Szekeres L, Takacs I, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for the age-related and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis –2011, Hungary. Magyar Reumatológia. 2011;1 Hungarian:28–33.
Google Scholar
Yeap SS, Hew FL, Lee JK, Goh EM, Chee W, Mumtaz M, et al. The Malaysian Clinical Guidance on the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis, 2012: a summary. Int J Rheum Dis. 2013;16:30–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Malaysian Osteoporosis Society. Clinical guidance on management of osteoporosis. 2012. http://www.iofbonehealth.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/National%20Guidelines/Malaysia_CG_Mgmt_Osteoporosis_2012-0912-final.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Cymet-Ramirez J, Cisneros-Dreinhofer FA, Alvarez-Martinez MM, Cruz-Gonzalez I, de la Fuente-Zuno JC, Figueroa-Cal y Mayor FJ, et al. [Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Position of the Mexican College of Orthopedics and Traumatology]. Acta Ortop Mex. 2011;25:303-312.
Li-Yu J, Perez EC, Canete A, Bonifacio L, Llamado LQ, Martinez R, et al. Consensus statements on osteoporosis diagnosis, prevention, and management in the Philippines. Int J Rheum Dis. 2011;14:223–38.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Amin TT, Al Owaifeer A, Al-Hashim H, Alwosaifer A, Alabdulqader M, Al Hulaibi F, et al. Osteoporosis among older Saudis: Risk of fractures and unmet needs. Arch Osteoporos. 2013;8:118.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gluszko P, Lorenc RS, Karczmarewicz E, Misiorowski W, Jaworski M. Polish guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis: a review of 2013 update. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2014;124:255–63.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Némethová E, Killinger Z, Payer J. Fracture risk prediction with FRAX in Slovak postmenopausal women. Cent Eur J Med. 2013;8:571–6.
Google Scholar
Tomaž K, Janez P, Marija P, Mojca JS, Jensterle ČM, Andrej Z. Guidelines for the detection and treatment of osteoporosis. Slov Med J. 2013;84.
Perez Edo L, Alonso Ruiz A, Roig Vilaseca D, Garcia Vadillo A, Guanabens Gay N, Peris P, et al. 2011 Up-date of the consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology on osteoporosis. Rheumatol Clin. 2011;7:357–79.
Google Scholar
Etxebarria-Foronda I, Caeiro-Rey JR, Larrainzar-Garijo R, Vaquero-Cervino E, Roca-Ruiz L, Mesa-Ramos M, et al. SECOT-GEIOS guidelines in osteoporosis and fragility fracture. An update. Revista Espanola de Cirugia Ortopedica y Traumatologia. 2015;59:373–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reyes Garcia R, Jodar Gimeno E, Garcia Martin A, Romero Munoz M, Gomez Saez JM, Luque Fernandez I, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis associated to endocrine and nutritional conditions. Bone Metabolism Working Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology. Endocrinologia y Nutricion. 2012;59:174–96.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taiwanese Osteoporosis Association. Taiwanese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. 2012. http://www.iofbonehealth.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/National%20Guidelines/Taiwanese_guidelines_prevention_treatment_osteoporosis.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Pongchaiyakul C, Leerapun T, Wongsiri S, Songpattanasilp T, Taechakraichana N. Value and validation of RCOST and TOPF clinical practice guideline for osteoporosis treatment. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95:1528–35.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chakhtoura M, Baddoura R, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Lebanese FRAX-Based Osteoporosis Guidelines. 2013. http://www.osteos.org.lb/admin/uploads/Full%20document.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Google Scholar
Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30:3–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hiligsmann M, Bours SPG, Boonen A. A review of patient preferences for osteoporosis drug treatment. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2015;17:61.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Reynolds K, Muntner P, Cheetham TC, Harrison TN, Morisky DE, Silverman S, et al. Primary non-adherence to bisphosphonates in an integrated healthcare setting. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:2509–17.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crandall CJ, Newberry SJ, Diamant A, Lim YW, Gellad WF, Suttorp MJ, et al. Treatment to prevent fractures in men and women with low bone density or osteoporosis: update of a 2007 Report. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Rockville; 2012.
Google Scholar
Neuner JM, Schapira MM. Patient perceptions of osteoporosis treatment thresholds. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:516–22.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Papaioannou A, Morin SN, Cheung AM, Atkinson S, Brown JP, Feldman S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: background and technical report. 2010. https://osteoporosis.ca/health-care-professionals/clinical-practice-guidelines/osteoporosis-guidelines/. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Google Scholar
Health Canada. Recalls and safety alerts: Synthetic calcitonin (salmon) nasal spray (NS) - market withdrawal of all products. 2013. http://healthycanadians.gc.ca/recall-alert-rappel-avis/hc-sc/2013/34783a-eng.php. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Google Scholar
Wells GA, Cranney A, Peterson J, Boucher M, Shea B, Robinson V, et al. Etidronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008:CD003376.
Qaseem A, Forciea M, McLean RM, Denberg TD. for the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures in men and women: a clinical practice guideline update from the american college of physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166:818–39.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, Clarke BL, Harris ST, Hurley DL, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis—2016. Endocr Pract. 2016;22 Suppl 4:1–42.
Article
Google Scholar
Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Davidson KW, Doubeni CA, et al. Hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2017;318:2224–33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, Applegate WB, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner TA, et al. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA. 1998;280:2077–82.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boonen S, Reginster J-Y, Kaufman J-M, Lippuner K, Zanchetta J, Langdahl B, et al. Fracture risk and zoledronic acid therapy in men with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1714–23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Njeh CF, Fuerst T, Hans D, Blake GM, Genant HK. Radiation exposure in bone mineral density assessment. Appl Radiat Isot. 1999;50:215–36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barker KL, Toye F, Lowe CJM. A qualitative systematic review of patients’ experience of osteoporosis using meta-ethnography. Arch Osteoporos. 2016;11:33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bombak A, Hanson H. Qualitative insights from the osteoporosis research: a narrative review of the literature. J Osteoporos. 2016;2016 https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7915041.
Article
Google Scholar
Hansen CA, Abrahamsen B, Konradsen H, Pedersen BD. Women’s lived experiences of learning to live with osteoporosis: a longitudinal qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2017;17:17.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Reventlow SD, Hvas L, Malterud K. Making the invisible body visible. Bone scans, osteoporosis and women's bodily experiences. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62:2720–31.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wozniak LA, Johnson JA, McAlister FA, Beaupre LA, Bellerose D, Rowe BH, et al. Understanding fragility fracture patients’ decision-making process regarding bisphosphonate treatment. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28:219–29.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Curtis EM, Moon RJ, Harvey NC, Cooper C. The impact of fragility fracture and approaches to osteoporosis risk assessment worldwide. Bone. 2017;104:29–38.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tsourdi E, Langdahl B, Cohen-Solal M, Aubry-Rozier B, Eriksen EF, Guanabens N, et al. Discontinuation of Denosumab therapy for osteoporosis: a systematic review and position statement by ECTS. Bone. 2017;105:11–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cummings SR, Ferrari S, Eastell R, Gilchrist N, Jensen JB, McClung M, et al. Vertebral fractures after discontinuation of Denosumab: a post hoc analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled FREEDOM trial and its extension. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33:190–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zanchetta MB, Boailchuk J, Massari F, Silveira F, Bogado C, Zanchetta JR. Significant bone loss after stopping long-term denosumab treatment: a post FREEDOM study. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29:41–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Procedure Manual. 2014. https://canadiantaskforce.ca/methods/. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4:1.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLOS Med. 2009;6:e1000100.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Government of Canada. About primary health care. 2012. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/primary-health-care/about-primary-health-care.html. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Clinical safety data management: Definitions and standards for expedited reportings e2a. 1994. https://www.ich.org/products/guidelines/efficacy/efficacy-single/article/clinical-safety-data-management-definitions-and-standards-for-expedited-reporting.html. Accessed 31 Jan 2019
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Human development report. Human development for everyone. 2016:2016 http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Robinson KA, Chou R, Berkman ND, Newberry SJ, Fu R, Hartling L, et al. Twelve recommendations for integrating existing systematic reviews into new reviews: EPC guidance. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;70:38–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crandall CJ, Newberry SJ, Diamant A, Lim YW, Gellad WF, Booth MJ, et al. Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments to prevent fractures: an updated systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:711–23.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McGowan J, Sampson M, Salzwedel DM, Cogo E, Foerster V, Lefebvre C. PRESS peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;75:40–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morrison A, Polisena J, Husereau D, Moulton K, Clark M, Fiander M, et al. The effect of english-language restriction on systematic review-based meta-analyses: a systematic review of empirical studies. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2012;28:138–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moher D, Pham B, Lawson ML, Klassen TP. The inclusion of reports of randomised trials published in languages other than English in systematic reviews. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7:1–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khangura S, Konnyu K, Cushman R, Grimshaw J, Moher D. Evidence summaries: the evolution of a rapid review approach. Syst Rev. 2012;1:10.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
O'Blenis P. One simple way to speed up your screening process. Evidence Partners; 2017. https://blog.evidencepartners.com/one-simple-way-to-speed-up-your-screening-process. Accessed 12 June 2019.
SourceForge. Plot Digitizer Software. 2018. http://plotdigitizer.sourceforge.net/. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Debray TPA, Damen JAAG, Snell KIE, Ensor J, Hooft L, Reitsma JB, et al. A guide to systematic review and meta-analysis of prediction model performance. BMJ. 2017;356.
Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;343.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Moons KM, Wolff RF, Riley RD, et al. PROBAST: a tool to assess risk of bias and applicability of prediction model studies: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170:W1–W33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wolff RF, Moons KM, Riley RD, et al. PROBAST: a tool to assess the risk of bias and applicability of prediction model studies. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170:51–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJM, Gavaghan DJ, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Controlled clinical trials. 1996;17:1–12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Higgins JPT. Green S (editors). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration: London; 2011.
Google Scholar
Wells GA, Shea B, O'Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2009. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Google Scholar
National Institute of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Study quality assessment tools: Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. National Institue of Health; 2019. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools. Accessed 12 June 2019.
DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled clinical trials. 1986;7:177–88.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, Collins R, Sleight P. Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1985;27:335–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bradburn MJ, Deeks JJ, Berlin JA, Russell LA. Much ado about nothing: a comparison of the performance of meta-analytical methods with rare events. Statistics in Medicine. 2007;26:53–77.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cornell JE, Mulrow CD, Localio R, Stack CB, Meibohm AR, Guallar E, et al. Random-effects meta-analysis of inconsistent effects: a time for change. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:267–70.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
IntHout J, Ioannidis JP, Borm GF. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian-Laird method. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:25.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Snell KIE. Development and application of statistical methods for prognosis research. Birmingham: University of Birmingham; 2015.
Google Scholar
van Klaveren D, Steyerberg EW, Perel P, Vergouwe Y. Assessing discriminative ability of risk models in clustered data. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Qin G, Hotilovac L. Comparison of non-parametric confidence intervals for the area under the ROC curve of a continuous-scale diagnostic test. Stat Methods Med Res. 2008;17:207–21.
Article
Google Scholar
Popay J, Roberts H, Sowden A, Petticrew M, Arai L, Ridgers M. Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: a product from the ESRC Methods Programme. 2006. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.178.3100&rep=rep1&type=pdf. Accessed 12 June 2019.
Google Scholar
Fu R, Vandermeer BW, Shamliyan TA, O’Neil ME, Yazdi F, Fox SH, et al. Handling continuous outcomes in quantitative synthesis. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Rockville; 2013.
Google Scholar
Wiebe N, Vandermeer B, Platt RW, Klassen TP, Moher D, Barrowman NJ. A systematic review identifies a lack of standardization in methods for handling missing variance data. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:342–53.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weir CJ, Butcher I, Assi V, Lewis SC, Murray GD, Langhorne P, et al. Dealing with missing standard deviation and mean values in meta-analysis of continuous outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018;18:25.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Furukawa TA, Barbui C, Cipriani A, Brambilla P, Watanabe N. Imputing missing standard deviations in meta-analyses can provide accurate results. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59(1):7–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Altman DG, Bland JM. How to obtain the P value from a confidence interval. BMJ. 2011;343:d2304.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Altman DG, Bland JM. How to obtain the confidence interval from a P value. BMJ. 2011;343:d2090.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. A consumer's guide to subgroup analyses. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:78–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Richardson M, Garner P, Donegan S. Interpretation of subgroup analyses in systematic reviews: a tutorial. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2018.05.005.
Article
Google Scholar
Riley RD, Higgins JPT, Deeks JJ. Interpretation of random effects meta-analyses. BMJ. 2011;342.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Debray TP, Moons KG, Riley RD. Detecting small-study effects and funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analysis of survival data: a comparison of new and existing tests. Res Synth Methods. 2018;9:41–50.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hultcrantz M, Rind D, Akl EA, Treweek S, Mustafa RA, Iorio A, et al. The GRADE Working Group clarifies the construct of certainty of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017;87:4–13.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, Alonso-Coello P, Rind D, et al. GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence—imprecision. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:1283–93.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Woodcock J, Brozek J, Helfand M, et al. GRADE guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence—indirectness. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:1303–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Woodcock J, Brozek J, Helfand M, et al. GRADE guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence--inconsistency. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:1294–302.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Montori V, Vist G, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 5. Rating the quality of evidence—publication bias. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:1277–82.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist G, Kunz R, Brozek J, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence—study limitations (risk of bias). J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:407–15.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Guyatt GH, Thorlund K, Oxman AD, Walter SD, Patrick D, Furukawa TA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 13. Preparing summary of findings tables and evidence profiles—continuous outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:173–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Santesso N, Helfand M, Vist G, Kunz R, et al. GRADE guidelines: 12. Preparing Summary of Findings tables—binary outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:158–72.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Evidence Prime. GRADEpro GDT. Hamilton, ON; 2019. https://www.gradepro.org. Accessed 31 Jan 2019.
Andrews J, Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Alderson P, Dahm P, Falck-Ytter Y, et al. GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:719–25.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar