Table 2 Factors identified to influence perceptions of private water quality with associated studies
From: Factors influencing perceptions of private water quality in North America: a systematic review
Article | Year published | Location | Sample size | Study approach | Factors discussed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jones et al. [1] | 2006 | Hamilton (CA) | 246 | Quantitative | Well infrastructure, demographic factors, organoleptic properties, chemical and microbiological contaminants, external information |
Flanagan et al. [2] | 2015 | Maine (USA) | 386 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, perceived risk, chemical contaminants, organoleptic properties, well infrastructure |
Jones et al. [17] | 2005 | Hamilton (CA) | 16 | Qualitative | Organoleptic properties, perceived risk, external information |
Flanagan et al. [18] | 2015 | Maine (USA) | 525 | Quantitative | Chemical and microbiological contaminants, demographic factors, values, attitudes, and beliefs, well infrastructure |
Roche et al. [19] | 2013 | Newfoundland and Labrador (CA) | 618 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, well infrastructure, organoleptic properties, external information |
Garcia et al. [26] | 2016 | Texas, Arizona and New Mexico (USA) | 47 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, organoleptic properties, chemical and microbiological contaminants, past experience |
Murti et al. [27] | 2016 | Arkansas, Indiana and Oklahoma (USA) | 41 | Qualitative | Chemical and microbiological contaminants, organoleptic properties, external information |
Colt et al. [28] | 2002 | New Hampshire (USA) | 98 | Quantitative | Chemical contaminants, well infrastructure |
Shaw et al. [29] | 2005 | Churchill county, Nevada (USA) | 351 | Quantitative | Chemical contaminants, perceived risk, demographic factors |
Schwartz et al. [30] | 1998 | New York (USA) | 244 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, well infrastructure, perceived risk, chemical and microbiological contaminants, organoleptic properties |
Poe et al. [31] | 1998 | Wisconsin and New York (USA) | 307 | Quantitative | Chemical contaminants, perceived risk |
Lewandowski et al. [32] | 2008 | Minnesota (USA) | 483 surveys 377 testing kits | Quantitative | Well infrastructure, chemical and microbiological contaminants, organoleptic properties |
Pieper et al. [33] | 2015 | Virginia (USA) | 2146 | Quantitative | Chemical and microbiological contaminants, organoleptic properties, well infrastructure |
Postma et al. [34] | 2011 | Gallatin County (USA) | 188 households (320 children) | Quantitative | Demographic factors, chemical and microbiological contaminants |
Mechenich et al. [35] | 1994 | Wisconsin (USA) | 139 | Quantitative | Chemical contaminants, attitudes, and perceived risk |
Strauss et al. [36] | 2001 | Ontario (CA) | 647 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, microbiological contaminants |
Schade et al. [37] | 2015 | West Virginia (USA) | 498 | Quantitative | External information, chemical contaminants |
Walker et al. [39] | 2006 | Churchill county Nevada (USA) | 351 | Quantitative | Chemical contaminants, perceived risk, |
McLeod et al. [40] | 2014 | Saskatchewan (CA) | 1294 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, external information, values, attitudes, and beliefs |
McLeod et al. [41] | 2015 | Saskatchewan (CA) | 1294 | Quantitative | Organoleptic properties, past experience |
Levallois et al. [42] | 1998 | Quebec (CA) | 222 | Quantitative | Organoleptic properties, chemical contaminants, well infrastructure |
Acharya et al [43] | 2008 | Alberta (CA) | 33 | Quantitative | Organoleptic properties, perceived risk, microbiological contaminants |
McSpirit et al. [44] | 2011 | West Virginia (US) | 256 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, organoleptic properties, perceived risk |
Merkel et al. [45] | 2012 | Pennsylvania (USA) | 158 | Mixed methods | Organoleptic characteristics, demographic factors, perceived risk, values, attitudes, and beliefs |
Summers [46] | 2010 | Alberta (CA) | 1014 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, well infrastructure, values, attitudes, and beliefs, organoleptic properties, chemical and microbiological contaminants |
Chappells et al. [47] | 2015 | Nova Scotia (CA) | 420 (32 in depth interviews) | Mixed methods | Demographic factors, perceived risk, organoleptic properties, chemical and microbiological contaminants, past experience |
Flanagan et al. [49] | 2016 | Maine and New Jersey (USA) | 344 | Quantitative | Chemical contaminant, values, attitudes, and beliefs |
Straub and Leahy [50] | 2014 | New England, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont (USA) | 513/776 for children and 452/776 for parent | Quantitative | Demographic factors, organoleptic properties, perceived risk, external information |
Lothorp et al. [51] | 2016 | Arizona (USA) | 31/34 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, chemical contaminants |
Kreutzwiser et al. [52] | 2011 | Ontario (CA) | 1567 | Quantitative | Well infrastructure, microbiological contaminants, past experience, external information |
Mahler et al. [48] | 2014 | Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington (USA) | 225 | Quantitative | Organoleptic properties, demographic factors, perceived risk |
Schubert et al. [53] | 1999 | Wisconsin (USA) | 562 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, chemical contaminants, external information |
Feinman et al. [54] | 2015 | New Mexico (USA) | 6606 | Quantitative | Demographic factors |
Imgrund et al. [55] | 2011 | Ontario (CA) | 22 | Qualitative | Perceived risk, well infrastructure, values, attitudes, and beliefs. microbiological contaminants |
Jones et al. [56] | 2007 | British Columbia (CA) | 4612 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, perceived risks, microbiological contaminants |
Johnson [57] | 2008 | New Jersey | 266 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, values, attitudes, and beliefs, past experience |
Renaud et al. [58] | 2011 | Quebec (CA) | 542 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, external information, chemical contaminants |
Ridpath et al. [59] | 2016 | 48 states within the USA | 1100 | Quantitative | Chemical and biological contaminants, external information, well infrastructure |
Flanagan et al. [60] | 2016 | New Jersey (USA) | 711 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, external information, perceived risk, chemical contaminants |
Flanagan et al. [62] | 2016 | New Jersey (USA) | 670 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, values, attitudes, and beliefs, perceived risk, chemical contaminants |
Laflamme et al. [66] | 2004 | Washington (USA) | 6927 | Quantitative | Perceived risk, chemical contaminants |
Severtson et al. [67] | 2006 | Wisconsin (USA) | 545 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, perceived risk, chemical contaminants, past experience |
Severtson et al. [68] | 2008 | Wisconsin (USA) | 897 | Mixed methods | Chemical contaminants, demographic factors, perceived risk |
Slotnick et al. [69] | 2006 | Michigan (USA) | 221 | Quantitative | Chemical contaminants, well infrastructure |
Kite-Powell et al. [70] | 2006 | Oregon (USA) | 102 | Quantitative | Chemical contaminants |
Tabbot [71] | 2006 | New Jersey (USA) | 50 | Quantitative | Chemical and microbiological contaminants, organoleptic properties |
Hexemer et al. [72] | 2008 | Ontario (CA) | 248 | Quantitative | Chemical and microbiological contaminants, demographic factors, external information |
Swistock et al. [73] | 2012 | Pennsylvania (USA) | 450 | Quantitative | Chemical and microbiological contaminants, well infrastructure |
Paul et al. [74] | 2015 | Tuftonboro (USA) | 285 | Quantitative | External information |
Pintar et al. [75] | 2009 | Ontario (CA) | 2332 | Quantitative | Demographic factors |
Yu et al. [76] | 2014 | Nova Scotia (CA) | 960 | Quantitative | Demographic factors, well infrastructure, chemical contaminants |
Malecki et al. [77] | 2017 | Wisconsin (USA) | 460 | Quantitative | Organoleptic properties, demographic factors, chemical and microbiological contaminants |