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  1. In South Africa, gender inequality dominated by males and heterosexual HIV epidemic are associated with high HIV infection. Underlying epidemiological and social determinants driving HIV acquisition and transm...

    Authors: Nonzwakazi Ntombela, Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson, Andile Mtshali, Anna Voce and Ayesha B. M. Kharsany
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2017 6:9
  2. Patients who are discharged from hospital after an acute medical illness often have impaired function that prevents them from returning to their previous place of residence. Assessing each patient’s post-disch...

    Authors: Daniel M. Kobewka, Daniel McIsaac, Michaël Chassé, Kednapa Thavorn, Sunita Mulpuru, Luke T. Lavallée, Shane English, Justin Presseau and Alan J. Forster
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2017 6:8
  3. Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a challenge to global tuberculosis (TB) control and remains a major public health concern in many countries. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasingly ...

    Authors: Balewgizie Sileshi Tegegne, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Melkamu Merid Mengesha and Johannes G.M. Burgerhof
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2017 6:6
  4. Despite the well-established morbidity, mortality, long-term effects, and unnecessary extra-cost burden associated with cesarean section delivery (CSD) worldwide, its rate has grown exponentially. This has bec...

    Authors: Idrissa Beogo, Bomar Mendez Rojas and Marie-Pierre Gagnon
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2017 6:5
  5. Bruxism is a sleep disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth that may be related to irreversible tooth injuries. It is a prevalent condition occurring in up to 31% of adults. However, there...

    Authors: Mauro Elias Mesko, Brian Hutton, Jovito Adiel Skupien, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre, David Moher and Tatiana Pereira-Cenci
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2017 6:4
  6. There is wide agreement that there is a lack of attention to health in municipal environmental policy-making, such as urban planning and regeneration. Explanations for this include differing professional norms...

    Authors: Helen Pineo, Ketevan Glonti, Harry Rutter, Nicole Zimmermann, Paul Wilkinson and Michael Davies
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2017 6:2
  7. People’s ability to appraise claims about treatment effects is crucial for informed decision-making. Our objective was to systematically map this area of research in order to (a) provide an overview of interve...

    Authors: Astrid Austvoll-Dahlgren, Allen Nsangi and Daniel Semakula
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:215
  8. Clinical trials typically have a relatively short follow-up period, and may both underestimate potential benefits of treatments investigated, and fail to detect hazards, which can take much longer to emerge. P...

    Authors: Rebecca Llewellyn-Bennett, Louise Bowman and Richard Bulbulia
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:214
  9. Colonic mural thickening is often a finding in standard computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen. It often presents clinician with a dilemma on when a further endoscopic evaluation is needed, especially i...

    Authors: Subashini Chandrapalan, Faraz Tahir, Rakesh Sinha and Ramesh Arasaradnam
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:213
  10. As more complex meta-analytical techniques such as network and multivariate meta-analyses become increasingly common, further pressures are placed on reviewers to extract data in a systematic and consistent ma...

    Authors: Hugo Pedder, Grammati Sarri, Edna Keeney, Vanessa Nunes and Sofia Dias
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:212
  11. The prevalence of delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is high. Delirium has been associated with morbidity and mortality including more ventilator days, longer ICU stay, increased long-term mortalit...

    Authors: Marija Barbateskovic, Laura Krone Larsen, Marie Oxenbøll-Collet, Janus Christian Jakobsen, Anders Perner and Jørn Wetterslev
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:211
  12. Synthesis of multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a systematic review can summarize the effects of individual outcomes and provide numerical answers about the effectiveness of interventions. Filteri...

    Authors: Mourad Ouzzani, Hossam Hammady, Zbys Fedorowicz and Ahmed Elmagarmid
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:210
  13. Medication errors represent a noteworthy source of harm to patients. In recent years, several systematic reviews have assessed the frequency and causes of these events, as well as other factors such as commonl...

    Authors: Brian Hutton, Salmaan Kanji, Erika McDonald, Fatemeh Yazdi, Dianna Wolfe, Kednapa Thavorn, Sally Pepper, Laurie Chapman, Becky Skidmore and David Moher
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:209
  14. In patients with intracranial large vessel arterial occlusion, ipsilateral extracranial carotid artery occlusions or near-occlusions pose a significant hurdle in endovascular management of acute ischaemic stro...

    Authors: Henrik Steglich-Arnholm, Markus Holtmannspötter, Christian Gluud and Derk Wolfgang Krieger
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:208
  15. Behavioural support for smoking cessation in pregnancy can be effective; however, many pregnant women face barriers to seeking support to stop smoking. Some digital interventions have been found to be effectiv...

    Authors: Sarah Ellen Griffiths, Katherine E. Brown, Emily Anne Fulton, Ildiko Tombor and Felix Naughton
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:207
  16. It is believed increasingly that patients with severe Crohn’s disease are best treated early with biological therapy, which may ameliorate subsequent disease course and diminish long-term complications. Howeve...

    Authors: Steve Halligan, Darren Boone, Gauraang Bhatnagar, Tariq Ahmad, Stuart Bloom, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Stuart A. Taylor and Susan Mallett
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:206
  17. Converging evidence demonstrates the important role of the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin (OT) in human behaviour and cognition. Intranasal OT administration has been shown to improve several aspects of social ...

    Authors: Daniel S. Quintana, Tim Outhred, Lars T. Westlye, Gin S. Malhi and Ole A. Andreassen
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:205
  18. Despite the growing international interest in patient safety as a discipline, there has been a lack of exploration of its application to mental health. It cannot be assumed that findings based upon physical he...

    Authors: Danielle D’Lima, Stephanie Archer, Bethan Ines Thibaut, Sonny Christian Ramtale, Lindsay H. Dewa and Ara Darzi
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:203
  19. Mental contrasting is a self-regulation strategy that is required for strong goal commitment. In mental contrasting, individuals firstly imagine a desired future or health goal that contrasted with the reality...

    Authors: Ainslea Cross and David Sheffield
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:201
  20. Delirium is a syndrome characterized by acute fluctuations and alterations in attention and arousal. Critically ill patients are at particularly high risk, and those that develop delirium are more likely to ex...

    Authors: Jennifer Foster, Lisa D. Burry, Lehana Thabane, Karen Choong, Kusum Menon, Mark Duffett, Alexandra Cheung, Melanie Guenette, Timothy Chimunda and Louise Rose
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:199
  21. Systematic reviews offer the most reliable and valid support for health policy decision-making, patient information, and guideline development. However, they are labor intensive and frequently take longer than...

    Authors: Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit, Irma Klerings, Gernot Wagner, Viktoria Titscher and Gerald Gartlehner
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:197
  22. Data abstraction, a critical systematic review step, is time-consuming and prone to errors. Current standards for approaches to data abstraction rest on a weak evidence base. We developed the Data Abstraction ...

    Authors: Ian J. Saldanha, Christopher H. Schmid, Joseph Lau, Kay Dickersin, Jesse A. Berlin, Jens Jap, Bryant T. Smith, Simona Carini, Wiley Chan, Berry De Bruijn, Byron C. Wallace, Susan M. Hutfless, Ida Sim, M. Hassan Murad, Sandra A. Walsh, Elizabeth J. Whamond…
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:196
  23. Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are new narcotic or psychotropic drugs that are not controlled by the United Nations drug convention that may pose a serious public health threat due to their wide availabil...

    Authors: Salma M. Khaled, Elizabeth Hughes, Dan Bressington, Monica Zolezzi, Ahmed Radwan, Ashish Badnapurkar and Richard Gray
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:195
  24. Critically ill patients frequently experience severe agitation placing them at risk of harm. Physical restraint is common in intensive care units (ICUs) for clinician concerns about safety. However, physical r...

    Authors: Louise Rose, Craig Dale, Orla M. Smith, Lisa Burry, Glenn Enright, Dean Fergusson, Samir Sinha, Lesley Wiesenfeld, Tasnim Sinuff and Sangeeta Mehta
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:194
  25. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide leading cause of mortality and disability. Among TBI complications, agitation is a frequent behavioural problem. Agitation causes potential harm to patients and care...

    Authors: David R. Williamson, Anne Julie Frenette, Lisa Burry, Marc M. Perreault, Emmanuel Charbonney, François Lamontagne, Marie-Julie Potvin, Jean-François Giguère, Sangeeta Mehta and Francis Bernard
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:193
  26. Complex or heterogeneous data pose challenges for systematic review and meta-analysis. In recent years, a number of new methods have been developed to meet these challenges. This qualitative interview study ai...

    Authors: Theo Lorenc, Lambert Felix, Mark Petticrew, G J Melendez-Torres, James Thomas, Sian Thomas, Alison O’Mara-Eves and Michelle Richardson
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:192
  27. Websites and online resources outside academic bibliographic databases can be significant sources for identifying literature, though there are challenges in searching and managing the results. These are pertin...

    Authors: Claire Stansfield, Kelly Dickson and Mukdarut Bangpan
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:191
  28. Overviews of reviews (overviews) compile data from multiple systematic reviews to provide a single synthesis of relevant evidence for decision-making. Despite their increasing popularity, there is limited meth...

    Authors: Michelle Pollock, Ricardo M. Fernandes, Lorne A. Becker, Robin Featherstone and Lisa Hartling
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:190
  29. Amphetamine and methamphetamine use disorders are associated with severe health and social consequences. No pharmacological therapy has been approved for the treatment of these disorders. Psychostimulants can ...

    Authors: Meha Bhatt, Laura Zielinski, Lola Baker-Beal, Neera Bhatnagar, Natalia Mouravska, Phillip Laplante, Andrew Worster, Lehana Thabane and Zainab Samaan
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:189
  30. In the absence of existing data, the present review intends to determine the incidence, prevalence and/or genetic determinants of neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), with expected contribution to disease charact...

    Authors: Jobert Richie N. Nansseu, Suzanne S. Ngo-Um and Eric V. Balti
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:188
  31. Estimates of the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are needed to ascertain AMR impact, to evaluate interventions, and to allocate resources efficiently. Recent studies have estimated health, cost, and e...

    Authors: Nichola R. Naylor, Sachin Silva, Kavian Kulasabanathan, Rifat Atun, Nina Zhu, Gwenan M. Knight and Julie Robotham
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:187
  32. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA)/degenerative joint disease (DJD) is increasing in the USA. Systematic reviews of treatment efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of hyaluronic acid (HA) injections report...

    Authors: Claire E. O’Hanlon, Sydne J. Newberry, Marika Booth, Sean Grant, Aneesa Motala, Margaret A. Maglione, John D. FitzGerald and Paul G. Shekelle
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:186
  33. Policymakers and healthcare stakeholders are increasingly seeking evidence to inform the policymaking process, and often use existing or commissioned systematic reviews to inform decisions. However, the method...

    Authors: Chantelle Garritty, Adrienne Stevens, Gerald Gartlehner, Valerie King and Chris Kamel
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:184
  34. The management of osteoarthritis (OA) is unsatisfactory, as most treatments are not clinically effective over placebo and most drugs have considerable side effects. On average, 75 % of the analgesic effect fro...

    Authors: Yu Fu, Monica S. M. Persson, Archan Bhattacharya, Siew-Li Goh, Joanne Stocks, Marienke van Middelkoop, Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra, David Walsh, Michael Doherty and Weiya Zhang
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:183
  35. Colorectal cancer represents the fourth most common cancer in England and Wales; survival is high for early stage disease but declines sharply with advanced stage. UK figures suggest that cancer survival rates...

    Authors: Ella Mozdiak, Alexander Tsertsvadze, Michael McFarlane, Monika Widlak, Maria Tabuso, Amber Dunlop and Ramesh Arasaradnam
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:182
  36. Chinese herbal medicine has been used to treat hypertension in China and East Asia since centuries. In this study, we conduct an overview of systematic reviews of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of pr...

    Authors: Zhao Xinke, Li Yingdong, Feng Mingxia, Liu Kai, Chen Kaibing, Lu Yuqing, Sun Shaobo, Song Peng and Liu Bin
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:180
  37. In 2013, there was a shortage of approximately 7.2 million health workers worldwide, which is larger among family physicians than among specialists. eLearning could provide a potential solution to some of thes...

    Authors: Živa Cotič, Rebecca Rees, Petra A. Wark and Josip Car
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:179
  38. mLearning is increasingly presented as an attractive novel educational strategy for medical and nursing education. Yet, evidence base for its effectiveness or factors which influence use, success, implementati...

    Authors: Charmaine Krishnasamy, Sik Yin Ong, Yvonne Yock, Issac Lim, Rebecca Rees and Josip Car
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:178
  39. Cluster randomised trials (CRTs) are a key instrument to evaluate public health interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Fidelity assessment examines study processes to gauge wh...

    Authors: Myriam Cielo Pérez, Nanor Minoyan, Valéry Ridde, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre and Mira Johri
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:177
  40. Telemedicine applications aim to address variance in clinical outcomes and increase access to specialist expertise. Despite widespread implementation, there is little robust evidence about cost-effectiveness, ...

    Authors: Nicola Mackintosh, Marius Terblanche, Ritesh Maharaj, Andreas Xyrichis, Karen Franklin, Jamie Keddie, Emily Larkins, Anna Maslen, James Skinner, Samuel Newman, Joana Hiew De Sousa Magalhaes and Jane Sandall
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:176
  41. Resource and geographic barriers are the commonly cited constraints preventing the uptake of psychological treatment for chronic pain management. For adults, there is some evidence to support the use of inform...

    Authors: Angeline Traynor, Eimear Morrissey, Jonathan Egan and Brian E. McGuire
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:175
  42. Failure to successfully implement and sustain change over the long term continues to be a major problem in health and social care. Translating evidence into routine clinical practice is notoriously complex, an...

    Authors: Stephan U. Dombrowski, Pauline Campbell, Helen Frost, Alex Pollock, Julie McLellan, Steve MacGillivray, Anna Gavine, Margaret Maxwell, Ronan O’Carroll, Helen Cheyne, Justin Presseau and Brian Williams
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2016 5:173

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