Efficacy and safety of antibiotics for treatment of leptospirosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Ji, Zhenhua; Jian, Miaomiao; Su, Xuan; Pan, Yingyi; Duan, Yi; Ma, Weijie; Zhong, Lei; Yang, Jiaru; Song, Jieqin; Wu, Xinya; Gao, Li; Ma, Weijiang; Kong, Jing; Li, Bingxue; Chen, Jinjing; Liu, Meixiao; Fan, Yuxin; Peng, Li; Dong, Yan; Bao, Fukai; Liu, Aihua

doi:10.1186/s13643-024-02519-y

Systematic Reviews

Table 1 Studies included in the present review

From: Efficacy and safety of antibiotics for treatment of leptospirosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Study ID	Study types	Diagnostic methods	Therapy duration	Treatment groups	Patients
Study ID	Study types	Diagnostic methods	Therapy duration	Treatment groups	Source of infection	Gender	Age	Type of leptospirosis	Total number
Doherty RL [25] (1954)	RS	MAT	Unclear	Penicillin low dosage, 100,000 units/3 h; high dosage, 500,000 units/3 h vs. chloramphenicol vs. no antibiotic	Australia	Male and female	Children and adults	Unclear	111
Fairburn AC [26] (1956)	CT	MAT	At least 5 days	Penicillin 600,000 units/6 h vs. chloramphenicol 0.5 g/6 h vs. no antibiotics	Malaya	Male	Adults	Unclear	83
Russell RW [27] (1958)	RCT	Blood culture or serological tests	At least 5 days	Oxytetracycline 1.5 g followed by 0.5 g/6 h vs. placebo	Malaysia	Male and female	Adults	Unclear	52
McClain JB [28] (1984)	RCT	MAT, Leptospira cultures	7 days	Doxycycline 100 mg/12 h vs. placebo	Panama	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	29
Watt G (1988) [29]	RCT	MAT	7 days	Penicillin 1.5 million units/6 h vs. placebo	Philippines	Male and female	Children and adults	Late	42
Edwards CN [30] (1988)	RCT	MAT, ELISA, or Leptospira cultures	5 days	Penicillin 2 million units/6 h vs. placebo	West Indies	Unclear	Unclear	Icteric	79
Marotto PC [31] (1997)	RS	MAT, plasma specific, PCR	Unclear	Penicillin 100,000 units/kg of body weight/day or ampicillin 100 mg/kg of body weight/day vs. untreated	Brazil	Male and female	Children	ARF and icteric	43
Daher EF (2000) [32]	RCT	ELISA	8 days	Penicillin 6 million units/day vs. no antibiotic	Brazil	Male and female	Adults	ARF and icteric	35
Costa E (2003) [33]	RCT	The macroscopic slide test, MAT, blood culture, epidemiological findings	7 days	Penicillin 6 million units/day (1 million units/4 h) vs. no antibiotic	Brazil	Male and female	Children and adults	Late	253
Panaphut T (2003) [34]	RCT	Serologically proven IgM specific	7 days	Ceftriaxone 1 g/day vs. penicillin 1.5 million units/6 h	Thailand	Male and female	Children and adults	Severe	173
Suputtamongkol Y (2004) [35]	RCT	MAT, IFAT, MCAT	7 days	Penicillin 1.5 million units/6 h vs. cefotaxime 1 g/6 h vs. doxycycline 200 mg first dose followed by 100 mg/12 h	Thailand	Male and female	Children and adults	Severe	256
Phimda K (2007) [36]	RCT	MAT	7 days/2 days	Doxycycline 200 mg the first dose followed by 100 mg/12 h vs. azithromycin 1 g initially followed by 500 mg/day	Thailand	Male and female	Children and adults	Late	80
Daher EF (2012) [37]	RS	MAT	Unclear	Penicillin 6 million units/day vs. placebo	Brazil	Male and female	Unclear	ARF	287

RCT randomized controlled trial, CT controlled trial, RS retrospective study, MAT microscopic agglutination test, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, PCR polymerase chain reaction, IFAT immunofluorescent antibody test, ARF acute renal failure

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ISSN: 2046-4053

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