Table 4 Risk-of-bias assessment of the randomised controlled trial by the RoB-2 assessment tool and of the cohort studies by ROBINS-1
Study | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Bias arising from the randomisation process | Bias due to departures from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of reported results | Overall bias | ||
RoB-2 [17] | ||||||||
Peres [23] | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | ||
ROBINS-1 [18] | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants | Bias in measurement of interventions | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Balabaud [24] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Böhler [25] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Johns [26] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Kalem [27] | Serious | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Serious |
Sabater-Martos [28] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Wirtz [29] | Serious | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Serious |