Study | Microbiological diagnosis | Presence of risk factors | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | AW | OW | AW | OW |
Peres [23] | Negative 11 (52.4%) | Idiopathic 10 (47.6%) | ||
Chronic renal failure (CRF) 3 (14.3%) | ||||
S. aureus 6 (28.7%) | Repetition arthrocentesis 5 (23.8%) | |||
S. epidermidis 2 (9.5%) | Pyoderma 2 (9.5%) | |||
S. agalactiae 1 (4.7%) | ||||
Klebsiella species 1 (4.7%) | ||||
Balabaud [24] | Negative 3 (7.5%) | Idiopathic 29 (72.5%) | ||
Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) 12 (30.0%) | Diabetes mellitus (DM) 4 (10.0%) | |||
Alcohol abuse 5 (12.5%) | ||||
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) 4 (10.0%) | CRF 1 (2.5%) | |||
Psoriasis 1 (12.5%) | ||||
S. epidermidis 7 (17.5%) | ||||
Other staphylococci 7 (17.5%) | ||||
Gram-negative pathogens 4 (10.0%) | ||||
Böhler [25] | – | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 4 (9.8%) DM 7 (17.1%) | RA 0 DM 10 (34.5%) | |
Johns [26] | Negative 23 (19.3%) | Negative 4 (9.5%) MSSA 16 (38.1%) MRSA 1 (2.4%) Streptococci 11 (26.2%) Gram negative 5 (11.9%) | None 45 (37.8%) DM 15 (12.6%) Liver disease 14 (11.8%) Intravenous drug use (IVDU) 11 (9.2%) CRF 14 (11.8%) RA 8 (6.7%) | None 10 (23.8%) DM 8 (19.0%) Liver disease 8 (19.0%) IVDU 6 (14.3%) CRF 3 (7.1%) RA (1 (2.4%) |
MSSA 41 (34.5%) MRSA 4 (3.4%) Streptococci 18 (15.1%) | ||||
Gram negative 8 (6.7%) | ||||
Kalem [27] | MSSA 1 (7.7%) | MSSA 1 (9.1%) | DM 4 (30.8%) | DM 5 (45.5%) |
MRSA 2 (18.2%) | IVDU 3 (23.1%) | |||
Liver disease 0 RA 1 (7.7%) | ||||
IVDU 0 Liver disease 2 (18.2%) | ||||
RA 1 (9.1%) | ||||
Sabater-Martos [28] | Negative 4 (33.3%) | Negative 8 (53.3%) | American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I 2 (16.7%) | ASA I 0 |
ASA II 9 (60.0%) | ||||
S. aureus 4 (33.3%) | S. aureus 4 (2.7%) | |||
ASA III 6 (40.0%) | ||||
ASA II 4 (33.3%) | ||||
ASA III 6 (50.0%) | ||||
S. epidermidis 1 (8.3%) | S. epidermidis 1 (6.7%) | |||
Streptococcus 2 (16.7%) | Streptococcus 2 (13.3%) | |||
Wirtz [29] | Negative 13 (25.5%) | – | ||
Positive 38 (74.5%) (most often SA) |