Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Authors, Years | Country | Multi-center | Funding | Registered | Type of Depression | Age (T) | Age (C) | Sample size | Intervention | Outcome Measure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T(n) | C(n) | T | C | |||||||||
Burkhardt 2023 [16] | Germany | yes | yes | yes | MDD | 40.2 ± 13.6 | 40.00 ± 13.30 | 77 | 73 | tDCS + SSRI | sham tDCS + SSRI | ①②③④⑤ |
Kumari 2023 [15] | India | no | yes | yes | MDD | 32.31 ± 11.57 | 29.08 ± 9.79 | 26 | 24 | tDCS + escitalopram | sham tDCS + escitalopram | ①②③④ |
Li 2022 [29] | China | no | yes | yes | MDD | 44.79 ± 15.25 | 43.61 ± 11.89 | 19 | 18 | tDCS + escitalopram | sham tDCS + escitalopram | ①|
Pavlova 2018a [30] | Russia | no | NR | NR | mild and moderately depressed | 36.00 ± 0.80 | 40.10 ± 2.20 | 22 | 20 | tDCS + sertraline hydrochloride | sham tDCS + Sertraline hydrochloride | ①②③④⑤ |
Pavlova 2018b [30] | Russia | no | NR | NR | mild and moderately depressed | 37.0 ± 8.80 | 40.10 ± 12.20 | 27 | 20 | tDCS + sertraline hydrochloride | sham tDCS + Sertraline hydrochloride | ①②③④⑤ |
Zhang 2020 [31] | China | no | yes | NR | MDD | 43.94 ± 11.47 | 43.41 ± 10.76 | 35 | 35 | tDCS + Vortioxetine | sham tDCS + fluoxetine | ①②③ |
Bennabi 2014 [32] | France | no | yes | yes | MDD | 60.40 ± 12.00 | 59.90 ± 15.40 | 12 | 12 | tDCS + sertraline hydrochloride | sham tDCS + sertraline hydrochloride | y①|
Brunoni 2013 [33] | Brazil | no | yes | yes | MDD | 41.00 ± 13.00 | 41.00 ± 12.00 | 30 | 30 | tDCS + sertraline hydrochloride | sham tDCS + sertraline hydrochloride | ①②③④ |
Pu 2023 [34] | China | no | yes | yes | mild and moderately depressed | 35.24 ± 5.12 | 33.97 ± 4.74 | 50 | 50 | high frequencyr TMS + agomelatine | sham rTMS + agomelatine | ①④⑥ |
Ma 2023 [35] | China | no | yes | NR | MDD | 32.64 ± 9.48 | 31.28 ± 9.86 | 100 | 100 | rTMS + duloxetine | duloxetine | ①②⑥⑦⑧ |
Akpinar 2022 [21] | Turkey | no | yes | yes | MDD | 43.70 ± 14.20 | 45.60 ± 7.80 | 20 | 18 | rTMS + Venlafaxine | sham rTMS + venlafaxine | ①② |
Zhang 2019 [36] | China | no | yes | NR | moderate to severe depression | 45.20 ± 8.70 | 43.70 ± 6.20 | 50 | 50 | rTMS + duloxetine | sham rTMS + duloxetin | ①⑥ |
Wang 2017 [37] | China | no | yes | NR | MDD | 28.82 ± 8.46 | 30.05 ± 9.47 | 22 | 21 | rTMS + paroxetine | sham rTMS + paroxetine | ①②③④⑦⑧ |
Ullrich 2012 [38] | Germany | no | NR | NR | MDD | 56.98 ± 10.20 | 54.18 ± 7.80 | 22 | 21 | ultra-highfrequency rTMS + venlafaxine or mirtazapine | sham rTMS + venlafaxineor mirtazapine | ①②③ |
Huang 2012 [39] | China | no | yes | yes | MDD | 32.77 ± 7.28 | 31.35 ± 7.39 | 28 | 28 | rTMS + citalopram | sham rTMS + citalopram | ①④ |
Bretlau 2008 [40] | Germany | yes | no | yes | MDD | 57.8 ± 10.0 | 53.10 ± 10.10 | 22 | 23 | rTMS + citalopram | sham rTMS + citalopram | ①③④ |
Herwig 2007 [41] | Germany | no | yes | NR | mild and moderately depressed | 50.00 ± 15.00 | 49.00 ± 13.00 | 62 | 65 | rTMS + venfaraxine | sham rTMS + venfaraxin | ①④ |
Rossini 2005[42] | Italy | no | NR | NR | MDD | 48.40 ± 13.70 | 46.40 ± 12.10 | 50 | 49 | rTMS + escitalopram | sham rTMS + escitalopram | ①②③④ |
Rumi 2005 [43] | Brazil | no | NR | NR | MDD | 39.30 ± 12.80 | 38.90 ± 8.80 | 22 | 24 | rTMS + amitriptyline | sham rtms + amitriptyline | ①③ |