Table 2 Specific characteristics of the top-down studies and results of composite analysis
From: The global economic burden of COVID-19 disease: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Study | Country | Direct cost ($US PPPa) | Indirect cost ($US PPPa) | Direct cost (% HE) | Direct cost (% GDP) | Indirect cost (% GDP) | Total cost (% HE)b | Total cost (% GDP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Viscusi et al. (2021) [36] | USA | - | 5,500,000 | - | - | 26.32 | 157a | 26.32 |
Santos et al. (2021) [37] | Brazil | 951.4 | - | 0.69a | 0.07 | - | 0.69 | 0.07 |
Zhao et al. (2021) [38] | China | 860.1 | 629,559.1 | 0.11a | 0.006 | 4.28 | 80.03 | 4.28 |
John et al. (2021) [39] | India | - | 658.6 | - | - | 0.02 | 0.82 | 0.02 |
Nurchis et al. (2020) [40] | Italy | - | 610.7 | - | - | 0.03 | 0.37 | 0.03 |
Gonzalez Lopez et al. (2020) [41] | Spain | 8657.7 | 396,020 | 7.40a | 0.68 | 30.90 | 345.80 | 31.58 |
Debone et al. (2020) [42] | Brazil | - | 23,065.1 | - | - | 1.60 | 16.65 | 1.60 |
Unweighted mean | Â | Â | Â | 2.73 | 0.25 | 10.53 | 85.91 | 9.13 |
Weighted (by population) mean | Â | Â | Â | 0.39 | 0.03 | 4.81 | 50.89 | 4.54 |