Table 4 Information on preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy
Authors | Year | Preoperative chemoradiotherapy regimen | Way of surgery | Postoperative chemotherapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
C. Du | 2012 | 3000Â cGy in 10 fractions delivered within 2Â weeks, with a biologic equivalent dose of 36Â Gy | APR, LAR (TME) | 8 to 12 cycles of postoperative chemotherapy based on 5 FU or capecitabine |
M. Huebner | 2012 | Combination of irradiation and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy | APR, AR, LAR | Postoperative 5-FU chemotherapy |
A. C. Rogers | 2013 | 45–50.4 Gy in 25–28 fractions of 1.8 Gy delivered over 6 weeks. 5-Fluorouracil was given concomitantly by protocol | APR, ultra-LAR with coloanal anastomosis, LAR, AR, pelvic exenteration, or a Hartmann’s procedure | NA |
J. W. Huh | 2016 | 40.4 to 50.4 Gy and concomitant chemotherapy based on a 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine regimen | Radical resection | A 5-fluorouracil-based regimen (n = 160, 82.1%), a capecitabine (n = 12, 6.1%), an oxaliplatin-based regimen (n = 13, 6.7%), and other regimens (n = 10, 5.1%) |
T. Jäger | 2018 | Oral capecitabine or intravenously administered 5-fluoruracil during 6 weeks of radiotherapy. For the patients (52%), oxaliplatin was used as an adjunct to the concomitant chemotherapy | LAR, APR | Of the 128 patients, 47.9% (58 of 121) received fluoropyrimidine (5-FU/leucovorin or capecitabine) in all patients except one. Sixty-four percent (37 of 58 patients) additionally received oxaliplatin |
M. Swets | 2018 | Neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy (5 × 5 Gy) | TME | 104 patients were randomized assigned to adjuvant chemotherapy and 117 patients to observation |
A. Demir | 2019 | 45 Gy/28 days. Capecitabine 825 mg/m2/day or 5-fluorouracil 200 mg/m2 D1–5 weekly was administered | AR, LAR, ultra-LAR, miles, total colectomy | NA |
J. W. Huh | 2019 | Preoperative 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and pelvic radiation (4040–5040 cGy) | LAR, APR, Hartmann’s procedure | 425 (92.2%) received adjuvant chemotherapy |
I. Trotsyuk | 2019 | Eighty patients: 50.4Â Gy applied in 5 weekly fractions of 1.8Â Gy using 18-MeV photons and received a continuous infusion of 225Â mg 5-FU per day and square meter of body surface for the duration of radiotherapy. Most of the remaining 44 patients received only slightly variant chemotherapy along with hyperfractionated radiation | APR, LAR | Adjuvant chemotherapy was received in 71 (57.3%) cases, while in 32 (25.8%) cases, the tumor board decided against adjuvant therapy. For 21 (16.9%) patients, information on adjuvant therapy was not available |
L. Farchoukh | 2021 | nCRT: (50.4Â Gy) and concurrent 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. TNT: 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) followed by preoperative radiotherapy with concurrent 5-fluorouracil | Surgical resection | NA |
J. K. Shin | 2021 | 4500–5400 cGy in 5–6 weeks with synchronous 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy | Radical resection | NA |