Table 1 Background information of included studies
Study ID | Country | Study design | Recruitment method | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Chan 2013 [21] | Hong Kong | Non-randomized experimental study | Convenience sampling and voluntary participation | 160 |
Bhansali 2016 [18] | USA | Cross-sectional, randomized between and within subjects experimental design | Convenience sampling | 249 |
You 2011 [22] | USA | A comparative study, secondary analysis of a 3-arm clinical trial | Clinic patients | 132 |
McCarthy 2013 [23] | USA | Randomized controlled trial | Convenience sampling | 87 |
Sahm 2012 [24] | Ireland | Cross-sectional study | Clinic patients | 94 |
Tong 2018 [19] | Australia | Qualitative research, cohort study | Voluntary | 50 |
Tai 2016 [25] | USA | Randomized controlled trial | Voluntary | 172 |
Friedman 1997 [20] | USA | Randomized controlled trial | Door-to-door interviews | 2260 |
Law 2010 [26] | USA | Structured interview design | Convenience sampling | 628 (444 patients, 115 pharmacists, 69 physicians) |
Dowse 2005 [27] | South Africa | Randomized controlled trial | Clinic patients | 87 |
Davis 2009 [9] | USA | Cross-sectional study | Clinic patients | 359 |
Yin 2017 [28] | USA | Randomized controlled trial | Clinic patients | 491 |
Wolf 2016 [29] | USA | Randomized controlled trial | Clinic patients | 845 |
Malhotra 2019 [30] | Singapore | Randomized controlled trial | Survey | 1414 |