Table2 Predictive validity of the VIS

Tadros et al., 2020 [25]

Primary graft dysfunction

>0.8

0.81

0.74

Max VIS 0–24 h ≥ 10

Garcia et al., 2016 [9]

Composite adverse outcomes

0.762

0.67

0.74

Max VIS 24–48 h > 4.75

Kwon et al., 2022 [59]

1-year mortality

0.82

N/A

N/A

Max VIS 0–48 h > 10.5,

Kim et al., 2015 [26]

Early mortality

0.852

83.3%

85.3%

Preoperative VIS >12.5

Barge-Caballero et al., 2015 [60]

Postoperative infection

N/A

N/A

N/A

VIS at time of transplantation ≥ 20

Baysal et al., 2021 [61]

Early postoperative morbidity and mortality

0.969

0.9

0.88

VIS at the end of the surgery ≥ 5.5

Bangalore et al., 2017 [28]

Length of ICU stay and hospital stay

0.85–0.88

71.4–85.7

75.0–81.9

Mean VIS 0–24 h ≥ 4.5

Max VIS 0–24 h ≥ 4.8

Mean VIS 24–48 h ≥ 3.1

Friedland-Little et al., 2014 [29]

The need for ECMO post-Norwood

0.83

73.9

82.3

Postoperative VIS 0–48 h ≥ 27

Poterucha et al,. 2019 [66]

Early mortality

0.916

72.6

84.3

maxVIS ≥ 3

Gaies et al., 2014 [41]

Composite outcome (death, MCS, RRT, cardiac arrest or CNS injury)

0.79

57

82

Highest VIS 0–24 h ≥ 20

Kumar et al., 2014 [42]

Sepsis; hematological complications; hepatic dysfunction

N/A

N/A

N/A

Highest VIS 0–48 h > 10

Sun et al., 2022 [50]

Prolonged mechanical ventilation

0.780

67.7

83.4

Mean VIS 24–48 ≥ 5.5

Zhang et al., 2020 [56]

Shunt failure after systemic pulmonary shunt

0.84

73

84

VIS 0–24 h ≥ 8.5

Davidson et al., 2012 [8]

Prolonged mechanical ventilation

0.93

N/A

N/A

VIS at 48 h ≥ 10.5; highest VIS 0–48 h ≥ 17; IS at 48h ≥ 3.9; highest IS 0–48 h ≥ 8

Koponen et al., 2019 [10]

Composite outcome (30-day mortality, mediastinitis, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, RRT, and myocardial infarction)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Highest VIS 0–24 h > 30

Lim et al., 2017 [68]

NOMI

N/A

53

88

Total VIS 0–24 h ≥ 400

Liu et al., 2018 [64]

NIV failure

N/A

N/A

N/A

VIS before commencing NIV ≥ 6