Table 2 Subgroup analysis on COVID-19-induced ARDS

Study design

Cros-sectional

8

30.91 (20.27–41.54)

254.57

P < 0.001

97.3%

223.5

Cohort

3

35.54 (15.32–55.77)

54.57

P < 0.001

96.3%

306.5

Publication year

 ≥ 2021

5

27.75 (13.75–41.75)

194.54

P < 0.001

97.9%

243.3

 < 2021

6

36.17 (21.68–50.65)

141.76

P < 0.001

96.5%

311.5

Region of the study

Africa

5

27.75 (13.75–41.75)

194.54

P < 0.001

97.9

247.3

Asia

4

34.28 (13.86–54.69)

79.27

P < 0.001

96.2

413.5

USA

2

40.20 (8.16–72.25)

60.83

P < 0.001

98.4

525.9

Income status

HICs

5

40.39 (24.04–56.73)

129.31

P < 0.001

96.9

331.9

LMICs

6

25.7 (13.35–38.05)

196.32

P < 0.001

97.5

228.6