Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies (n = 25)
Study ID, year Country (Trial registry record) | Participants Type of cancer (N, age) | Intervention and control | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
Banerjee 2018 [47] UK (JSCC-D-17–00896) | Bladder N: 60 Int: 30, age (yr): mean 71 (SD 6) Con: 30, age (yr): mean 72 (SD 8) | Int: Aerobic training (HIIT) Con: Usual care | Postoperative complications ALOS |
Berkel 2022 [29] Netherlands (NTR4032) | Colorectal N: 57 Int: 28, age (yr): mean 74 (SD 7) Con: 29, age (yr): mean 73 (SD 6) | Int: Combined training (HIIT/resistance) Con: Usual care | Postoperative complications ALOS |
Bousquet-Dion 2018 [30] Canada (NCT02586701) | Colorectal N: 63 Int: 37, age (yr): median 74 (IQR 67 to 78) Con: 26, age (yr): median 71 (IQR 54 to 74) | Int: Combined training (MICT/Resistance) Con: Rehabilitation | Postoperative complications Handgrip strength Physical activity levels |
Carli 2010 [31] Canada (NCT00227526) | Colorectal N: 112 Int: 58, age (yr) mean 61 (SD 16) Con: 54, age (yr) mean 60 (SD 15) | Int: Combined training (MICT/Resistance) Con: Rehabilitation (walk/breathing group) | Postoperative complications ALOS Physical activity levels |
Carli 2020 [32] Canada (NCT02502760) | Colorectal N: 110 Int: 55, age (yr): median 78 (IQR 72 to 82) Con: 55, age (yr): median 82 (IQR 75 to 84) | Int: Combined training (MICT/Resistance) Con: Rehabilitation | HRQoL Postoperative complications ALOS Physical activity levels |
Centemero 2010 [44] Italy (NR) | Prostate N: 118 Int: 59, age (yr): 60 (range: 48–68) Con: 59, age (yr): 57 (range: 46–67) | Int: Pelvic floor training Con: Pelvic floor training (rehabilitation5) | HRQoL |
Dronkers 2010 [13] Netherlands (NR) | Colon N: 42 Int: 22, age (yr): mean 71 (SD 6) female 18% Con: 20, age (yr): mean 68 (SD 6), female 35% | Int: Combined training (MICT/Resistance) and respiratory muscle training Con: Rehabilitation (home-based exercise advice plus inspiratory muscle training advice) | HRQoL Muscular strength Postoperative complication Physical activity levels |
Dunne 2016 [33] United Kingdom (NCT01523353) | Colorectal N: 34 Int: 19, age (yr): median 61 (IQR 56 to 66) Con: 15, age (yr): median 62 (IQR 53 to 72) | Int: Aerobic training (HIIT) Con: Usual care | HRQoL Postoperative complications |
Gillis 2014 [34] Canada (NCT01356264) | Colorectal N: 77 Int: 38, age (yr): mean 66 (SD 14) Con: 39, age (yr): mean 66 (SD 9) | Int: Combined training (MICT/Resistance) Con: Rehabilitation | HRQoL Postoperative complications ALOS Physical activity levels |
Gloor 2022 [35] Switzerland (NCT02746731) | Colorectal N: 107 Int: 54, age (yr): median 66 (24–90); female 56% Con: 53, age (yr): median 65 (29–86); female 40% | Int: Combined training (HIIT, resistance) Con: Usual care | HRQoL Postoperative complications ALOS Handgrip strength Physical activity levels |
Heiman 2021 [49] Sweden (NCT02560662) | Breast N: 316Int: 148, age (yr): 61 (52–68); female all Con: 168, age (yr): median 63 (54–71) | Int: Aerobic training (MICT) Con: Usual care | Postoperative complications ALOS Physical activity |
Sweden (NCT02895464) | Colorectal N: 21 Int: 10, age (yr): median 83 (76–85); female 60% Con: 11, age (yr): median 74 (73–76); female 64% | Int: Combined training (HIIT/resistance) and inspiratory muscle training Con: Usual care | Postoperative complications ALOS |
Lai 2017 [42] China (ChiCTR-IOR-16008109) | Lung N: 101 Int: 51, age (yr): 64 Con: 50, age (yr): 65; female 23% | Int: Aerobic training (MICT) and respiratory muscles training Con: Usual care | HRQoL Postoperative complications |
Brasil (NR) | Prostate N: 49 Int: 17, age (yr): mean 62 (SD 8) Con 1: 17, age (yr): mean 64 (SD 7) Con 2: 15, age (yr): mean 60 (SD 8) | Int: Pelvic floor training Con 1: Pelvic floor training plus electrical stimulation Con 2: Usual care | HRQoL |
Licker 2016 [39] Switzerland (NCT01258478) | Lung N: 151 Int: 74, age (yr): 64 Con: 77, age (yr): 64 | Int: Combined training (HIIT/ resistance) Con: Usual care | Postoperative complications ALOS |
Liu 2019 [40] China (NCT03068507) | Lung N:73 Int: 37, age (yr): mean 56 (SD 10) Con: 36, age (yr): mean 56 (SD 9) | Int: Combined training (MICT/ resistance) Con: Usual care | Postoperative complications ALOS |
Moug 2019 [37] Scotland (ISRCTN 62859294) | Colorectal N: 40 Int: 18, age (yr): mean 65 (SD 11) female 25% Con: 22, age (yr): mean 66 (SD 9) | Int: Aerobic training (MICT) Con: Usual care | HRQoL Muscular strength Postoperative complications ALOS Physical activity levels |
Ocampo-Trujillo 2014 [46] Colombia (NR) | Prostate N: 16 Int: 8, age (yr): 57 Con: 8, age (yr): 66 | Int: Pelvic floor training Con: Usual care | HRQoL |
Onerup 2022 [38] Sweden (NCT02299596) | Colorectal N: 668 Int: 317, age (yr): mean 69 (SD 11) Con: 351, age (yr): mean 68 (SD 11) | Int: Aerobic training (MICT) inspiratory muscle training (IMT) Con: Usual care | Postoperative complications ALOS |
Pehlivan 2011 [41] Turkey (NR) | Lung N: 60 Int: 30, age (yr): 54 Con: 30, age (yr): 55 | Int: Respiratory muscles training and aerobic training (MICT) Con: Usual care | Postoperative complications ALOS |
Peng 2021 [50] China (ChiCTR-ONRC-14005096) | Colorectal N: 213 Int: 109, age (yr): mean 63 (SD 2) Con: 104, age (yr): mean 62 (SD 3) | Int: Resistance training and respiratory muscle training Con: Usual care | HRQoL Postoperative complications ALOS Handgrip strength |
Santa Mina 2018 [45] Canada (NCT02036684) | Prostate N:61 Int: 33, age (yr): mean 61 (SD 8) Con: 28, age (yr): mean 62 (SD 7) | Int: Combined training (MICT/ resistance) Con: Pelvic floor training | HRQoL Muscular strength Postoperative complications ALOS Handgrip strength Physical activity levels |
Spain (NCT01963923) | Lung N:19 Int: 9, age (yr): mean 71 (SD 6) Con: 10, age (yr): mean 69 (SD 9) | Int: Combined training (MICT/resistance) Con: Usual care | HRQoL Muscular strength Postoperative complications ALOS |
Steffens 2021 [48] Australia (ACTRN12617001129370) | Abdominal cancer N: 22 Int: 11, Age 62 (yr) (range 48 to 72) Con: 11, age (yr) 66 (range 46 to 70) | Int: Combined training (MICT/resistance) Con: Usual care | HRQoL Muscular strength Postoperative complications ALOS Physical activity |
Yamana 2015 [51] Japan (UMIN No. 00006216) | Esophageal N: 60 Int: 30, age (yr) 68 (SD 7 64) Con: 30, age (yr): 65 (SD 9) | Int: Combined training (MICT/Resistance) and respiratory rehabilitation Con: No intervention | Postoperative complications |