Table 1 PICOS model for the review question
PICOS element | Description of the element |
|---|---|
Population | Rat and mice, rabbits, and pigs/porcine with induced wounds (excision wounds, incision wounds, cutaneous wounds, burn wounds, diabetic wounds, splint wounds, or any other wound model) |
Intervention | Any nanocarrier that has been incorporated/encapsulated with herbal extracts (crude extracts, isolated phytochemicals, plant oils) to enhance wound healing. For example, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, proliposomes and nanoemulsion, nanocomposites, nanogels/hydrogels, and nanofibers |
Comparator | Herbal extract that has not been encapsulated into the nanocarrier, nanocarrier without the extract, standard antibiotic, or dressing, placebo |
Outcome | Primary outcome: Rate of wound contraction (%wound closure) Secondary outcome: Rate of re-epithelization, increase in tensile strength, histopathological results (granulation tissue formation, cell proliferation, neovascularization, collagen synthesis), hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and hexuronic content, whether healing left a scar or not, immunohistochemical analysis |
Study design | Experimental laboratory design using animal wound models |