Table 2 Quality of evidence for primary outcomes
From: Tolvaptan for water retention in heart failure: a systematic review
Reviews | Certainty assessment | P-value | Quality | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcomes | â„– of participants | â„– of studies | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | ||||
Experimental | Control | ||||||||||
Yang CJ 2015(CN) [23] | ①| 3535 | 3572 | 6 | seriousa | seriousb | not serious | not serious | none | P < 0.0001 | L |
Wang CB 2017(CN) [15] | ①| NA | NA | 4 | seriousa | not serious | not serious | seriousc | none | P = 0.711 | L |
Wu MY 2019(CN) [16] | ①| 2485 | 2148 | 8 | not serious | not serious | not serious | not serious | none | P < 0.00001 | H |
② | 638 | 359 | 8 | not serious | not serious | not serious | not serious | none | P < 0.00001 | H | |
Ma G 2018(CN) [17] | ①| 51 | 52 | 2 | seriousa | seriousb | not serious | very seriousc | publication bias strongly suspectedd | P = 0.04 | VL |
Xiong B 2015(CN) [18] | ①| NA | NA | 8 | not serious | not serious | not serious | not serious | none | P = 0.000 | H |
Huang WI 2018(CN) [22] | ①| 264 | 298 | 5 | not serious | not serious | not serious | seriousc | none | P = 0.04 | M |
② | 242 | 254 | 4 | not serious | not serious | not serious | seriousc | none | P < 0.00001 | M | |
Kinugawa K 2018(JP) [19] | ①| 1633 | 1615 | 6 | seriousa | seriousb | not serious | not serious | none | P = 0.32 | L |
② | 226 | 228 | 5 | not serious | not serious | not serious | seriousc | none | P < 0.00001 | M | |
Luo XD 2020(CN) [21] | ①| 2162 | 2188 | 6 | not serious | seriousb | not serious | not serious | none | P < 0.00001 | M |
② | 281 | 282 | 5 | seriousa | not serious | not serious | seriousc | none | P < 0.00001 | L | |
Alskaf.E.E 2016(the UK) [20] | ①| 345 | 346 | 5 | seriousa | not serious | not serious | seriousc | none | P = 0.0001 | L |
② | 94 | 87 | 3 | seriousa | not serious | not serious | very seriousc | publication bias strongly suspectedd | P = 0.004 | VL | |