Table 3 Study quality and risk of bias assessment by using the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool
Author, publication year | Risk of confounding | Risk of selection bias | Risk of misclassification of interventions | Risk of deviation from intended interventions | Risk of missing data | Risk of misclassification of outcomes | Risk of reporting bias | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lehtimaki et al. 1992 [41] | Critical | Low | Low | Low | Low | No information | Low | Critical |