Table 1 Inclusion criteria for this scoping study

Population

Our scoping review will consider studies that included adults (18 and above years of age) experiencing CLBP. CLBP is defined as pain localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain, that persists for three months or more to generally accepted scientific criteria. Studies that evaluate interprofessional rehabilitation programs for multiple pain conditions will be included only if at least 50% of participants are reported to have CLBP. We included adults because they are the most at-risk population, and the available evidence indicates that 75% of people with CLBP are adults [12] and nearly 70% of years lost due to disability were among the working-age population (20–65 years) [28]

Concept

Our scoping review will include any primary source research studies that evaluated multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary or interprofessional or team-based rehabilitation programs, consisting of a combination of two or more physical, psychosocial, social, vocational, and behavioral components delivered by a team of two or more health professionals with different backgrounds. Outcomes reported in the study could include health outcomes (e.g., physical functioning, pain intensity, HRQoL, Workability), cost outcomes (e.g. cost-utility, cost-effectiveness), or experiential outcomes of patients or providers (e.g. satisfaction, acceptability) [29]

Context

We will consider evidence from all countries and therapeutic settings (e.g., primary healthcare, inpatient, pain clinics, rehabilitation centers, and outpatient settings)