Table 3.1 Tools specifying standards for systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis

Reporting standards

 Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) Statement

Moher 1999 [90]

 Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE)

Stroup 2000 [91]

 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)

Moher 2009 [92]

 PRISMA 2020^a

Page 2021 [93]

Methodological standards

 Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire^b (OQAQ)

Oxman and Guyatt 1991 [94]

 Systematic Review Critical Appraisal Sheet

Centre for Evidence-based Medicine 2005 [95]

 A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR)

Shea 2007 [5]

 AMSTAR-2^a

Shea 2017 [6]

Risk of bias

 Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS)^a

Whiting 2016 [4]