Table 2 Overall risk of bias ratings
Author, Year | Rating | Author, Year | Rating |
Cross-Sectional Studies | |||
Alpass et al., 2004 [27] | Medium | Millán-Calenti et al., 2013 [47] | Low |
Bourgeois et al., 2020 [23] | Medium | Murayama et al., 2019 [48] | Low |
Bourne et al., 2007 [28] | Medium | Nakamura et al., 2019 [49] | Low |
Conroy et al., 2010 [29] | Medium | Okabayashi et al., 2004 [50] | Low |
Deng & Liu, 2021 [30] | Medium | Oremus et al., 2019 [6] | Low |
Ficker et al., 2002 [24] | Medium | Oremus et al., 2020 [7] | Low |
Frith & Loprinzi, 2017 [31] | Low | Pillemer & Holtzer, 2016 [51] | Low |
Ge et al., 2017 [32] | Low | Poey et al., 2017 [52] | Medium |
Gow et al., 2007 [33] | Low | Rashid et al., 2016 [53] | Low |
Gow et al., 2013 [34] | Low | Saenz et al., 2020 [54] | Low |
Hamalainen et al., 2019 [35] | Low | Sims et al., 2014 [55] | Medium |
Harling et al., 2020 [36] | Medium | Weng et al., 2020 [56] | Medium |
Henderson et al., 1986 [37] | Medium | Yang et al., 2020 [57] | Low |
Holtzman et al., 2004 [38] | Low | Yeh & Liu, 2003 [58] | Low |
Jang et al., 2020 [39] | Low | Zahodne et al., 2014 [59] | Low |
Keller-Cohen et al., 2006 [40] | Medium | Zahodne et al., 2018 [60] | Low |
Kim et al., 2019 [41] | Low | Zank & Leipold, 2001 [61] | Low |
Kotwal et al., 2016 [42] | Low | Zhaoyang et al., 2021 [62] | Low |
Krueger et al., 2009 [43] | Medium | Zhu et al., 2012 [63] | Medium |
La Fleur & Salthouse, 2017 [44] | Low | Zuelsdorff et al., 2013 [64] | Low |
Lee & Waite, 2018 [45] | Low | Zuelsdorff et al., 2019 [65] | Low |
Mehrabi & Béland, 2021 [46] | Low | Zullo et al., 2021 [66] | Medium |
Author, Year | Rating | Author, Year | Rating |
Cohort Studies | |||
Amieva et al., 2010 [67] | Low | Liu et al., 2020 [85] | Low |
Andel et al., 2012 [68] | Low | Luo et al., 2021 [86] | Low |
Bedard & Taler, 2020 [69] | Medium | Miyaguni et al., 2021 [87] | High |
Bowling et al., 2016 [70] | Low | Moreno et al., 2022 [88] | Medium |
Camozzato et al., 2015 [71] | Low | Murata et al., 2019 [16] | Low |
Chen & Chang, 2016 [72] | Medium | Noguchi et al., 2019 [89] | Low |
Chen & Zhou, 2020 [73] | Low | Okely et al., 2021 [90] | Medium |
Crooks et al., 2008 [25] | Low | Pais et al., 2021 [91] | Low |
Dickinson et al., 2011 [74] | Medium | Pillemer et al., 2019 [17] | Low |
Eisele et al., 2012 [75] | Low | Riddle et al., 2015 [92] | Medium |
Ellwardt et al., 2013 [76] | Low | Rote et al., 2021 [93] | Medium |
Heser et al., 2014 [77] | Low | Saito et al., 2018 [94] | Low |
Holtzman et al., 2004 [38] | Low | Salinas et al., 2017 [95] | Low |
Howrey et al., 2015 [78] | Medium | Seeman et al., 2001 [96] | Low |
Hudetz et al., 2010 [26] | Medium | Sörman et al., 2015 [97] | Low |
Hughes et al., 2008 [79] | Low | Thomas & Umberson, 2018 [98] | Medium |
Kats et al., 2016 [80] | Low | Wilson et al., 2015 [99] | Low |
Khondoker et al., 2017 [81] | Low | Yin et al., 2020 [100] | Low |
Khoo & Yang, 2020 [82] | Medium | Zahodne et al., 2019 [101] | Low |
Liao & Scholes, 2017 [84] | Low | Zahodne et al., 2021 [102] | Low |
Liao et al., 2018 [83] | Medium | ||