Table 5 Summary of findings for KQ1a on the benefits and harms of screening compared with no screening

All eligible / offer-to-screen

Females 45–54 y [90]

VERY LOW^a-d

Very uncertain

Females 68–80 y

1 RCT; 34,229 [5]

5

Study data:

25 per 1000

0.3 fewer in 1000

(4.2 fewer to 3.9 more)

LOW^a-c

May not reduce

General:

20 per 1000

0.2 fewer in 1000

(2.4 fewer to 2.2 more)

Acceptors of screening

Females 45–54 y [90]

VERY LOW^a-d

Very uncertain

Offer-to-screen in selected population^g

Females ≥65 y

3 RCT+1 CCT; 43,736 [4,5,6, 68, 91]

3 to 5

Study data:

31 per 1000

6.2 fewer in 1000

(9.0 fewer to 2.8 fewer)

MODERATE^c

Probably reduces

General:

20 per 1000

4.0 fewer in 1000

(5.8 fewer to 1.8 fewer)

Males ≥70 y [68]

VERY LOW^a-d

Very uncertain

All eligible / offer-to-screen

Females 45–54 y [90]

VERY LOW^a-d

Very uncertain

Females 68–80 y

1 RCT; 34,229 [5]

5

Study data:

100 per 1000

1.0 fewer in 1000

(8.0 fewer to 6.0 more)

LOW^a-c

May not reduce

General:

168 per 1000

1.7 fewer in 1000

(13.4 fewer to 10.1 more)

Acceptors of screening

Females 45–54 y [90]

VERY LOW^a-d

Very uncertain

Offer-to-screen in selected population^g

Females ≥65 y

3 RCT; 42,009 [4,5,6, 91]

3 to 5

Study data:

84 per 1000

5.9 fewer in 1000

(10.9 fewer to 0.8 fewer)

MODERATE^c

Probably reduces

General:

168 per 1000

11.8 fewer in 1000

(21.8 fewer to 1.7 fewer)

All eligible / offer-to-screen

Females 45–54 y

1 RCT; 4800 [90]

9

VERY LOW^b,d

Very uncertain

General:

3 per 1000

No difference in 1000

(0.8 fewer to 1.1 more)

LOW^b,d

May not reduce

Females 68–80 y

1 RCT; 34,229 [5]

5

Study data:

118 per 1000

3.5 fewer per 1000

(9.4 fewer to 3.5 more)

LOW^b,d

May not reduce

General:

57 per 1000

1.7 fewer per 1000

(4.6 fewer to 1.7 more)

Offer-to-screen in selected population^g

Females ≥65 y^h

2 RCT+1 CCT; 26,511 [4, 6, 68]

3 to 5

Study data:

89 per 1000

No difference in 1000

(7.1 fewer to 5.3 more)

MODERATE^d

Probably does not reduce

General:

57 per 1000

No difference in 1000

(4.6 fewer to 5.1 more)

Offer-to-screen in selected population^g

Females 70–85 y [6]

VERY LOW^a,b,d

Very uncertain

All eligible / offer-to-screen

Females 45–54 y [90, 92]

9 (self-rated health)

2 (SF-36)

NA

The evidence from 1 RCT (n=2979) is very uncertain.

VERY LOW^a-c

Very uncertain

Offer-to-screen in selected population^g

Females 70–85 y

1 RCT; 10,661 [6]

5

NA

SF-12 (range 0–100):

Mental health: MD −0.30, 95% CI −0.86 to 0.26

Physical health: MD 0.30, 95% CI −0.21 to 0.81

EuroQol-5D (range 0–1):

MD 0, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.07

LOW^a,b

May be little to no difference

Offer-to-screen in selected population^g

Among those considered at high risk