Table 2 Approach to search and selection of studies for each key question
Key question 1 a & b (a) Benefits and harms of screening vs no screening (b) Comparative benefits and harms of screening approaches/ tools | Key question 2 Predictive accuracy of screening tests | Key question 3 a & b (a) Benefits of pharmacologic treatments (b) Harms of pharmacologic treatments | Key question 4 Acceptability of screening and/or treatment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Search | ||||
Approach | Integration of eligible studies from 2018 USPSTF review, with search from 2016 onward | Integration of eligible studies from 2018 USPSTF review, with search from 2016 onward | KQ3a: integration of eligible studies from 2018 USPSTF review, with search update from 2016 onward KQ3b: (i) search for reviews from 2015 onward; (ii) search for primary studies on rebound fractures from discontinuation of denosumab from 2020 | Search from 1995 (introduction of bisphosphonates) |
Search Strategy | See protocol | See protocol | KQ3a: see protocol KQ3b: Additional file 2 | See protocol |
Concepts | Bone health, fractures, osteoporosis, screening | Bone health, fractures, osteoporosis, screening tests, risk assessment, prognosis | Osteoporosis, drug treatment, harms (in general and specific harms; KQ3b only) | Bone health, fractures, screening, risk assessment, osteoporosis - diagnosis, prevention, treatment, risk, decision-making, acceptability |
Databases | Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Wiley Cochrane Library | Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Wiley Cochrane Library | Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase (KQ3a only), Wiley Cochrane Library | Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Wiley Cochrane Library, PsycINFO |
Additional sources | Clinicaltrials.gov; WHO ICTRP; scanned reference lists of systematic reviews, included studies, major guidelines; contacting authors | Clinicaltrials.gov; WHO ICTRP; scanned reference lists of systematic reviews, included studies, major guidelines; contacting authors | KQ3a: Clinicaltrials.gov; WHO ICTRP; scanned reference lists of systematic reviews, included studies, major guidelines; contacting authors KQ3b: PROSPERO, Epistemonikos | Scanned reference lists of systematic reviews, included studies; contacting authors |
Date of search(es) | 2016 to 8 July 2019 Update in databases 4 April 2022 | 2016 to 5 July 2019 Update in databases 1 June 2021 | KQ3a: 2016 to 2 March 2020 KQ3b: (i) 2015 to 24 June 2020; (ii) 2020 to 18 June 2021 | 1995 to 4 July 2019 Update in databases 1 June 2021 |
Selection | ||||
Titles and abstracts | Liberal-accelerated (i.e., only requiring one reviewer to include to full text review) | Liberal-accelerated | KQ3a: liberal-accelerated KQ3b: single reviewer | Liberal-accelerated |
Full Text | Duplicate | Duplicate | KQ3a: duplicate KQ3b: single reviewer | Duplicate |
Final inclusion | By consensus, with consultation of a third reviewer if needed | By consensus, with consultation of a third reviewer if needed | By consensus, with consultation of a third reviewer if needed | Single reviewer, with consultation of a second reviewer if needed |