Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

Shehata et al. 2014 [13]

RCT

20–50

50

HSI (50 °C)

RTSI (20 °C)

1. Bleeding score is reduced (p < 0.001) in HSI (1.96 ± 0.67) compared to RTSI (2.64 ± 0.7).

2. Amount of blood loss is lesser (p < 0.001) in HSI (216.25 ± 1.45 ml) than RTSI (272.66 ± 1.78 ml).

3. The duration of surgery is shorter (p < 0.001) in HSI (79.22 ± 7.54 min) than RTSI (88.54 ± 8.3 min).

4. Surgeon’s satisfaction score is superior (p < 0.001) in HSI (0.88 ± 0.33) compared to RTSI (0.32 ± 0.47).

5. No difference in mean arterial pressure in both groups (p > 0.05).

Al-Ississ et al. 2016 [14]

RCT

28–58

100

HSI (48 °C)

RTSI (20 °C)

1. Minimal bleeding score is observed higher (p < 0.05) in HSI (80%) than RTSI (48%).

2. Decreased blood loss (p < 0.05) occurs in HSI (201.43 ml) compared to RTSI (257.34 ml).

3. HSI has a shorter operative time (p < 0.05) of 83.34 min than RTSI of 92.66 min.

4. Surgeon’s satisfaction score is greater (p < 0.05) in HSI (88%) than RTSI (32%).

5. No difference in mean arterial pressure of both groups (p > 0.05).

Gan et al, 2014 [15]

RCT

≥ 19

62

HSI (49 °C)

RTSI (18 °C)

1. Bleeding score is decreased (p = 0.04) in HSI (1.2 ± 0.4) compared to RTSI (1.6 ± 0.6) for long surgical cases (≥ 120 min).

2. Amount of blood loss per minute is reduced (p = 0.02) in all cases for HSI (2.3 ± 1.0 ml/min) compared to RTSI (1.7 ± 1.1 ml/min).

3. No difference in mean arterial pressure of both groups (p = 0.14).

4. No difference in heart rate of both groups (p = 0.32).