Table 7 Reported adjusted unstandardized mean differences, standardized effect sizes, and p-values (between groups) in studies measuring QoL

Boesen et al. 2018 [14] (RCT)

Multiple sclerosis

1.6 (−1.4, 4.7)*

0.232

MSIS-29

Physical (0–1001)‡

−0.6 (−3.0, 1.8)*

0.640

Psychological (0–100)‡

−2.7 (−5.6, −0.1)*

0.046

0.006 (−0.015, 0.028)*

0.596

2.5 (−1.1, 5.9)*

0.112

0.017 (0.005, 0.030)*

0.008

Gade et al. 2008 [16] (RCT)

Palliative care

MCOHPQ

Physical area (0–10)‡

0.91

Emotional/relationship area (0–10)‡

0.07

Spiritual area (0–10)

0.55

Quality of life (0–10)

0.78

Goldberg et al. 2013 [17] (RCT)

Cognitive impairment in old age (> 65)

EQ-5D

Self-completed (0–1)‡

0.00 (−0.09, 0.09)

0.96

Proxy completed (0–1)‡

−0.07 (−0.15, 0.00)

0.06

DEMQOL

Self-completed (0–108)

0.7 (−2.8, 4.1)

0.70

Proxy completed (0–124)

−0.4 (−4.6, 3.8)

0.84

Grudzen et al. 2016 [20] (RCT)

Palliative care for patients with advanced cancer

0.054

Hewett et al. 2016 [22] (RCT)

Homelessness

0.09 (−0.03, 0.22)

0.151

Mangels et al. 2009 [23] (RCT)

Chronic low back pain

NS

SF-12

Physical health status (.)

Mental health status (.)

Monticone et al. 2015 [24] (RCT)

Parkinson’s disease

I-PDQ-39

Mobility (0–100)‡

−14.1 (3.4)*

Activities of daily living (0–100)‡

−19.6 (2.2)*

Emotional well-being (0–100)‡

−14.8 (2.9)*

Stigma (0–100)‡

−14.9 (3.4)*

Social support (0–100)‡

−10.2 (3.4)*

Cognition (0–100)‡

−10.4 (2.6)*

Communication (0–100)‡

−8.4 (4.8)*

Bodily discomfort (0–100)‡

−12.2 (2.8)*

Sidebottom et al. 2015 [26] (RCT)

Palliative care for patients with acute heart failure

4.92 (4.61, 5.23)

0.000

Wu et al. 2019 [28] (RCT)

Critical care survivors

SF-12

Physical health status (.)

Mental health status (.)

Angst et al. 2009 [30] (NRS)

Chronic pain

SF-36

Physical functioning (0–100)

0.06 (Hedges’ g)

0.361

Social functioning (0–100)

0.32 (Hedges’ g)

0.076

Brédart et al. 2009 [31] (NRS)

Cancer

Physical functioning (.)

NS

Role functioning (.)

NS

Emotional functioning (.)

NS

Social functioning (.)

NS

Overall health status (.)

NS

Marcussen et al. 2020 [34] (NRS)

Severe mental illness

SF-36

Physical functioning (0–100)

Mental functioning (0–100)

0.40 (−2.3, 1.24)

5.30 (2.71, 7.89)

0.6

0.001

Semrau et al. 2015 [33] (NRS)

Chronic low back pain

SF-12

Physical health status (0–100)

0.50 (−0.99, 1.99)

0.029 (Cohens’ d)

Mental health status (0–100)

0.62 (−1.35, 2.58)

0.027 (Cohens’ d)

Deenik et al. 2018 [35] (CBA)

Severe mental illness

−0.02 (−0.12, 0.08)

0.736

WHOQOL-BREF

Physical (1–10)

0.14 (−0.80, 1.09)

0.765

Psychological (1–10)

−0.37 (-1.38, 0.63)

0.465

Social (1–10)

0.63 (−0.47, 1.73)

0.257

Environmental (1–10)

0.42 (−0.97, 1.80)

0.537