Table 4 Cost-effectiveness analyses results

Study

Dominant screening technology/method

Outcome measure

I$ (2020)

Legood et al. 2005 [20]

VIA

Cost/positive case detected

482.84

Xie et al. 2017 [33]

VIA

Cost/positive case detected

1,448.04

Campos et al. 2015 [34]

VIA at LTFU 60%

Cost/YLS

311.94

VIA at LTFU 40%

Cost/YLS

181.96

Deroche et al. 2015 [35]

VIA

Cost/positive case detected

13.67

Chauhan et al. 2020 [36]

VIA

Cost/QALY gained

772.86

Shi et al. 2011 [37]

Clinician provided careHPV @ 0.5 pg/ml

Cost/YLS

2,879.31

Campos et al. 2015 [67]

HPV DNA testing at LTFU 10%

Cost/YLS

233.95

Sharma et al. 2016 [38]

HPV DNA testing every 5 years

Cost/YLS

1,355,400.48

Kim et al. 2005 [39]

HPV triage (in the Netherlands)

Cost/YLS

4,596.13

HPV triage (in France)

Cost/YLS

3,414.27

HPV triage (Italy)

Cost/YLS

1,969.77

Cromwell et al. 2021 [22]

HPV DNA testing every 4 years

Cost/CIN2 detected

Campos et al. 2015 [34]

CareHPV (cervical sampling) (in India)

Cost/YLS

138.76

CareHPV (cervical sampling) (in Nicaragua)

Cost/YLS

3,744.45

CareHPV (cervical sampling) (in Uganda)

Cost/YLS

8,930.80

Termrungruanglert et al. 2017 [50]

hrHPV testing every 5 years

Cost/positive case detected

1,410.04

Zhao et al. 2019 [41]

CareHPV DNA testing every 3 or 5 years

Cost/positive case detected

3,038.76

Gamboa et al. 2018 [68]

HPV DNA testing every 5 years

Cost/YLS

3,119.19

Jansen et al. 2020 [69]

hrHPV testing

Cost/YLG

13,578.30

hrHPV testing

Cost/QALY gained

15,242.86

Ma et al. 2019 [44]

HPV DNA testing every 5 years

Cost/YLS

7,690.48

HPV DNA testing every 3 years

Cost/YLS

10,122.28

Sroczynski et al. 2010 [70]

HPV DNA testing every 2 years

Cost/YLG

138,829.99

Goldie et al. 2005 [8]

HPV DNA testing (in Kenya)

Cost/YLS

56,318.49

HPV DNA testing (in India)

Cost/YLS

283.16

HPV DNA testing (in Peru)

Cost/YLS

644.44

HPV DNA testing (in South Africa)

Cost/YLS

744.64

HPV DNA testing (in Thailand)

Cost/YLS

602.77

Campos et al. 2018 [71]

HPV DNA testing every 2 years

Cost/YLS

2,848.58

Study

Dominant screening strategy

Outcome measure

I$ (2019)

de Kok et al. 2012 [47]

Primary HPV screening

Not reported

Campos et al. 2014 [46]

HPV-DNA screening every 5 years followed by cryotherapy (screen and treat)

Cost/YLS

21,511.43

Pista et al. 2019 [48]

HPV testing with HPV 16/18 genotyping and cytology triage

Cost/CIN2 detected

17,403.27

Skroumpelos et al. 2019 [49]

Primary HPV16/18 genotyping every 3 years

Cost/death averted

1,637,776.08

Termrungruanglert et al. 2019 [50]

HPV primary screening triage with p16/Ki-67

Cost/detected case

1,660.20

Vassilakos et al. 2019 [51]

Self-HPV testing followed by Pap testing

Cost/QALY gained

12,678.37

Campos et al. 2018 [21]

HPV testing followed by cryotherapy

Cost/YLS

13,924.77

Mezei et al. 2018 [52]

Community based self-collected HPV DNA testing followed by VIA triage

Cost/YLS

10,673.49

Lew et al. 2018 [53]

HPV testing and HPV 16/18 genotyping every 5 years

Not reported

Not reported

Barre et al. 2017 [54]

Primary HPV testing and HPV 16/18 genotyping every 5 years

Coslt/LY

2,674.12

Campos et al. 2017 [67]

HPV DNA testing followed by cryotherapy

Cost/YLS

27,288.02

Jin et al. 2016 [56]

Primary HPV DNA testing followed by followed by cytology for HPV-positive women. Testing every 5 years

Marginal cost/case detected

170,305.76

Burger et al. 2012 [57]

Unvaccinated women: cytology followed by switching to HPV testing at 34 every 4 years

Cost/YLS

23,743.81

Vaccinated women: cytology followed by switching to HPV testing at 31, every 6 years

Cost/YLS

65,500.18

Flores et al. 2010 [58]

Pap and clinician-HPV test (30–80 years)

Not reported

Sroczynski et al. 2011 [45]

HPV triage,1 year, age: 30 years; prior Pap, 1 year

Cost/LYG

222,752.67

Kim et al. 2005 [39]

UK: combination testing, 5 years

Cost/YLS

Sherlaw-Johnson et al. 2004 [59]

HPV triage with LBC, 5 years

Cost/YLS

6,324.82

Primary HPV with LBC, 5 years

Cost/YLS

7,671.45

Combined cytology and HPV with LBC, 5 years

Cost/YLS

46,663.86

Combined cytology with LBC, 3 years

Cost/YLS

780,481.31

Chow et al. 2010 [60]

HPV testing followed by Pap smear triage every 5 years

Cost/QALY gained

2,940.98

Campos et al. 2012 [46]

Primary HPV-based testing strategies

Cost/YLS

584.88

Beal et al. 2014 [61]

hrHPV with molecular triage

Cost/prevented missed case

580.76

Tantitamit et al. 2019 [62]

HPV genotyping with reflex dual stain cytology

Cost/QALY gained

837.20

Vale et al. 2021 [63]

hrHPV testing with LBC triage

Cost/detection of CIN2/3

36.26

Berkhof et al. 2010 [64]

HPV DNA testing every 5 years with cytology triage

Cost/QALY gained

25,783.00

Vanni et al. 2011 [65]

HPV DNA testing followed by cytology triage every year

Cost/YLS

770.83

Lew et al. 2016 [53]

5-yearly HPV screening with partial genotyping for HPV16/18 and referral to colposcopy and cytological triage of other oncogenic types

Not reported

X

Felix et al. 2016 [66]

Co-testing using LBC and HPV 16 18/45 genotyping

Cost/QALY gained

2,550.16