Table 2 SDOH domains and constructs
Economic stability | Education access and quality | Healthcare access and quality | Neighborhood and built environment | Social and community context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
• Debt • Employment • Expenses • Food insecurity • Housing instability • Income • Income support (e.g., Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)) • Medical bills • Poverty and concentrated poverty | • Community educational attainment • Early childhood education • High school graduation • Higher education • Language and literacy skills • Vocational training | • Access to primary care • Affordability • Cost • Financial toxicity of healthcare treatments • Geographical access, proximity, and catchment area • Health insurance coverage • Health literacy • Health policy • Provider availability • Provider linguistic and cultural competency • Quality of care • Telehealth, telemedicine, and mobile health | • Access to healthy foods to support healthy eating, food swamps, and food deserts • Broadband, Internet, and Wi-Fi access • Census tract • Environmental conditions (e.g., air or water quality) • Housing quality and pest infestation • Parks and playgrounds • Safety • Transportation • Walkability | • Adverse childhood experiences • Bias • Civic engagement and participation • Community engagement • Discriminationa • Exposure to violence and trauma • Incarceration and criminal justice system • Racial and ethnic residential segregation • Racisma • Sense of community • Social capital and networks • Social cohesion and integration • Social isolation • Social support and support systems • Social vulnerability • Trust |