Table 5 Characteristics of cohort studies of exposures to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)
Author/year | Country | Years of employment | Years of follow-up | Study cohort | Reference cohort |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smulevich et al., 1988 [55] | Former Soviet Union | 1939–1977 | 1939–1977 | 3232 workers (2195 men, 1037 women) with > 1-month employment of the vinyl chloride (VC) and polyvinyl chloride (PV) chemical plant | General population of the city where the plant was located |
Ward et al., 2001 [56] | Italy, Norway, Sweden, UK | 1940–1989 | 1955–1997 | 12,706 workers from 19 plants of VC, VCM and PVC production, with ≥ 1 year employment | Age and calendar period specific national incidence or mortality rates from the World Health Organization |
Wong et al., 2002 [57] | Taiwan | 1950–1992 | 1985–1997 | 3293 workers from 6 polyvinyl chloride polymerization factories employed ≥ 1 | General Taiwanese male population |
Mundt et al., 2017 [58] | US and Canada | 1942–1972 | 1942–2013 | 9951 VC or PVC resin manufacture workers at 35 factories in the US and Canada employed for ≥ 1 year | General population |
Fedeli et al., 2019 [59] | Italy | 1956–1985 | 1973–2017 | 1658 workers employed in a VCM production and polymerization facility in Porto Marghera (northeastern Italy) 1658 workers employed in a VCM production and polymerization facility in Porto Marghera (northeastern Italy) 1658 male workers employed in VCM production and polymerization facility | General population |