Study | Inclusion/Exclusion criteria | Patient characteristics Control/Intervention: |
---|---|---|
Allen 2020 | Inclusion criteria: All births ≥ 37 WG. Exclusion criteria: Paid by other than Medicaid or private insurance. | NR |
Dunn 2013 | Inclusion criteria: All ERCS ≥ 37 WG in “Low-risk women”. Exclusion criteria: Women, who were in labour, had a medical history or pregnancy-related complications. | ERCS n, 459/497 |
Gurol-Urganci 2014 | Inclusion criteria: All ECS ≥ 37 WG. Singleton elective caesarean delivery episodes in NHS trusts (which had data for at least 50% of their deliveries in at least 7 years) from 1 April 2000 to 28 February 2009. Included if their HES record contained the code of ECS in any of the core operative procedure fields. Exclusion criteria: Women who had an ECS < 34 weeks or a medical history. (e.g., preexisting and gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, preeclampsia, eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, poly- and oligohydramnios, excessive or poor foetal growth, and placenta praevia). | ECS n, 118,456 |
Hutcheon 2015 | Inclusion criteria: All ECS ≥ 37 WG for a primary indication of breech, repeat CS, or maternal request/vaginal birth after CS declined. Exclusion criteria: Pregnancies complicated by diabetes in pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage, hypertension in pregnancy, or other comorbidities that might be an indication for an earlier delivery. | ECS n, 2021/2518 Maternal age, mean in years (SD): 33.7 (4.6)/34.1 (4.7) Nulliparous n (%): 352 (17.4)/486 (19.3) Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) n (%): Underweight (< 18.5), 80 (4.0)/93 (3.7) Normal weight (18.5–24.9), 872 (43.1)/1050 (41.7) Overweight (25–29.9), 254 (12.6)/352 (14.0) Obese (≥ 30), 98 (4.9)/137 (5.4) Missing, 717 (35.5)/886 (35.2) WG at delivery median in (days) (range), 271 (268–274)/273 (270–276) Birthweight mean in g (SD): 3420 (425)/3421 (426) |
MacAllister 2019 | Inclusion criteria: All ECS ≥ 37 WG (= absence of labour and no maternal or foetal indication for urgent delivery). Exclusion criteria: NR | ECS n, 19,780/40,875 |
Nicholl 2010 | Inclusion criteria: All ECS ≥ 37 WG for ERCS, breech presentation, or maternal request. Exclusion criteria: Medical indication | NR |
Nicoll 2004 | Inclusion criteria: All ECS ≥37 WG (= timing of delivery could be postponed without any risk to the mother or foetus) Exclusion criteria: NR | ECS n, 292/327 |
Snowden 2016 | Eligibility criteria: All ECS ≥ 37 WG (= without medical or obstetrical indication). Exclusion criteria: Women with a medical history or pregnancy-related complications (e.g., chronic hypertension, prepregnancy diabetes, and gestational diabetes mellitus). | ECS n, 12,204/7,697 |
Tanger 2010 | Inclusion criteria: All ECS ≥37 WG Exclusion criteria: Women with a medical history or pregnancy-related complications (e.g., preeclampsia, maternal infection, (suspicion of) foetal distress, severe birth defects of the foetus, maternal gestational diabetes or diabetes mellitus). | ECS n, 324/486 Maternal age, mean in years (SD): 36.4 (4.7)/34.8 (4.2) Multiples n (%), 9 (3)/15 (3) Female n (%), 167 (50)/254 (51) Birthweight mean in g (SD): 3282 (470)/3386 (494) Apgar score after 5 min < 6; n (%), 0/0 |
Yamasato. 2014 | Inclusion criteria: All ECS ≥ 37 WG. Exclusion criteria: Medical indication | NR |