Table 1 Study characteristic
Study | Year | Compliance of AMSTAR/overall confidence | PRISMA scores | Cancer | Study design | Effect size | No. of studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qin [22] | 2013 | 9/critically low | 21 | Bladder cancer | Cohort | RR | 11 |
Sun [23] | 2015 | 9/critically low | 21 | Bladder cancer | Cohort | RR | 15 |
Zhao [24] | 2017 | 13/critically low | 23 | Bladder cancer | Cohort | RR | 14 |
Bagheri [25] | 2016 | 7/critically low | 17.5 | Kidney cancer | Cohort | HR | 8 |
Bergström [26] | 2001 | 4/critically low | 15.5 | Kidney cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 29 |
Ildaphonse [27] | 2009 | 3/critically low | 12.5 | Kidney cancer | Cohort | OR, RR | 27 |
Mathew [28] | 2009 | 4/critically low | 13 | Kidney cancer | Cohort | OR, RR | 28 |
Wang [29] | 2014 | 7/critically low | 23 | Kidney cancer | Cohort | RR | 21 |
Zhang [30] | 2018 | 10/critically low | 21.5 | Kidney cancer | Cohort | HR | 19 |
Chen [31] | 2016 | 9/critically low | 22.5 | Prostate cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 9 |
Discacciati [32] | 2012 | 9/critically low | 19.5 | Prostate cancer | Cohort | RR | 12 |
Jiang [33] | 2017 | 12/critically low | 19.5 | Prostate cancer | Cohort | RR | 9 |
MacInnis [34] | 2006 | 6/critically low | 24 | Prostate cancer | Cohort | RR | 56 |
Xie [35] | 2017 | 10/critically low | 20.5 | Prostate cancer | Cohort | RR | 21 |
Zhang [36] | 2015 | 9/critically low | 18.5 | Prostate cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 17 |
Zhong [37] | 2016 | 8/critically low | 24.5 | Prostate cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 24 |
Guh [38] | 2009 | 8/critically low | 18.5 | Prostate cancer Kidney cancer | Cohort | RR | 13 |
Fang [39] | 2018 | 11/critically low | 23 | Prostate cancer Kidney cancer Bladder cancer | Cohort | RR | 87 |
Al-Zalabani [40] | 2016 | 10/critically low | 25.5 | Bladder cancer | Cohort | RR | 26 |
Wang [41] | 2016 | 9/critically low | 24.5 | Prostate cancer Kidney cancer | Cohort | RR | 59 |
Robinson [42] | 2008 | 7/critically low | 21.5 | Prostate cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 16 |
Renehan [43] | 2008 | 12/critically low | 25 | Prostate cancer Kidney cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 44 |
Bergstom [44] | 2001 | 4/critically low | 14.5 | Prostate cancer Kidney cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 17 |
Cao [45] | 2011 | 9/critically low | 19 | Prostate cancer | Cohort | RR | 8 |
Xue [46] | 2017 | 11/critically low | 23.5 | Kidney cancer Bladder cancer | Cohort | RR | 24 |
Wang [47] | 2008 | 8/critically low | 24 | Kidney cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 44 |
Dobbins [48] | 2013 | 7/critically low | 20.5 | Prostate cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 5 |
Liu [49] | 2018 | 9/critically low | 23.5 | Kidney cancer | Cohort | RR | 24 |
Hidayat [50] | 2018 | 9/critically low | 22 | Kidney cancer Prostate cancer | Cohort, case-control | RR | 18 |
Harrison et al. [51] | 2020 | 12/critically low | 25 | Prostate cancer | Cohort, case-control | OR | 21 |
Berger et al. [52] | 2019 | 12/critically low | 26 | Prostate cancer | Cohort | RR | 12 |