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Table 4 Effectiveness of hypnotic medicines over time

From: Zolpidem reduces pain intensity postoperatively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of hypnotic medicines on post-operative pain intensity

 

< 12 h

12–24 h

24–36 h

> 48 h

Zolpidem

WMD − 0.1

CI − 0.39 to 0.19

p value < 0.01

WMD − 0.3

CI − 0.38 to − 0.22

p value < 0.01

WMD − 1.49

CI − 1.63 to − 1.34

p value < 0.01

WMD − 1.09

CI − 1.12 to − 1.06

p value < 0.01

Melatonin

WMD 1.09

CI 0.77 to 1.40

p value < 0.01

WMD 0.50

CI 0.18 to 0.82

p value < 0.01

n/a

n/a

Midazolam

WMD − 0.32

CI − 0.38 to − 0.27

p value < 0.01

WMD 0.20

CI − 0.14 to 0.54

p value < 0.01

WMD 1.39

CI 1.05 to 1.72

p value < 0.01

n/a

Lorazepam

WMD 1.00

CI 0.88 to 1.12

p value < 0.01

n/a

n/a

n/a

  1. WMD weighted mean difference, CI confidence interval, n/a no measure for this time point