Table 3 Characteristics of included cohort studies
First author and year published | Country | Cohort size (n) | Disease | Follow-up in months | Stress exposure | Disease activity | Stats assessment | Strength of association |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bernstein 2010 | Canada | 552 | IBD | 12 | Major life stress NRS Perceived stress CPSS Low positive mood PANAS High negative mood PANAS | Manitoba IBD index | OR = 1.69 (1.13,2.54) OR = 2.63 (1.72,4.01) OR = 1.42 (0.94,2.15) OR = 1.73 (1.13,2.66) | Weak Moderate Weak Weak |
Duffy 1992 | USA | 124 | IBD | 11.5 | Major life stress SRE Daily strains Checklist Perceived Stress ladder | mCDAI | R = .32, p < .001* R = .20, p < .05 R = .31, p .001 | Moderate Weak Moderate |
Mardini 2004 | USA | 18 | CD | 24 | Depression BDI Anxiety BAI Hopelessness BHS Recent Life Change RlCQ | CDAI | β = 5.92 p = .0004 β = 2.42 p = .02 β = 4.87 p = .05 β = 0.08 p = .10 | Strong Strong Strong Weak |
North 1991 | USA | 32 | IBD | 24 | Depression CD mBDI Depression UC mBDI Recent life events CD SRRS Recent life events UC SRRS | GSS | β = − 0.03–0.56 (− 0.57–1.05)** β = − 0.53–1.34 (− 1.84–2.63) β = 0.17–0.34 (0.32–.75) β = − 1.47–1.66(− 2.61–4.69) | Strong Strong*** Moderate Strong*** |
Mikocka-Walus 2008 | Australia | 127 | IBD | 12 | Depression HADS, SCL Anxiety HADS, SCL | CDAI, SCCAI | OR = 1.003 (0.928–1.085) OR = 1.057(0.919–1.215) OR = 1.040 (0.989–1.092) OR = 0.967(0.841–1.111) | Weak Weak Weak Protective |
Mittermaier 2004 | Austria | 60 | IBD | 18 | Perceived stress V PSQ Perceived stress G PSQ Depression BDI Anxiety STAI | CDAI, CAI | TAUR = 0.1146 R = .0226 R = .2023 p = < .05 R = .1844–.1981 p = < .05 | Weak None Weak Weak |
Vidal 2006 | Spain | 155 | IBD | 11 | Recent life events SRRS | IBD activity index CDAI/TLWI, HBi | HR = 0.88 (0.68–1.13) | None |
Vidal De Lima 2012 | Brazil | 50 | CD | 16 | Depression and anxiety BDI HADS | CDAI | p = .15 | None |
Bitton 2008 | Canada | 87 | CD | 12 | Daily hassle DHS Perceived stress PSS Psychological distress Depression SCL Anxiety SCL | CDAI | HR = 1.05 (0.95 to 1.15) HR = 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) HR = 1.0(0.85 to 1.2) HR = 1.6 (0.9 to 2.7) HR = 1.4 (0.77 to 2.6) | Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak |
Bitton 2003 | USA | 60 | UC | 12 | Psychological distress Depression SCL Anxiety SCL Perceived stress PSS Recent stress events PERI | Endoscopygrading scale | HR = 1.038(0.95–1.39) HR = 1.011 (0.95–1.08) HR = 1.000 (1.00–1.00) HR = 0.898 (0.53–1.53) HR = 1.165 (0.98–1.39) | Weak Weak Weak Weak None |
Duffy 1991 | USA | 124 | IBD | 6 | Major stress events SRE Health-related stress | CDAI | RR = 2.6 (1.3–4.9) RR = 3.8 (1.5–9.9) | Moderate Strong |
Langhorst 2013 | Germany | 75 | UC | 12 | Perceived stress PSS Depression and anxiety SCL | CAI | HR = 0.20(0.01–3.31) HR = 1.05 (1.01–1.10) HR = 1.08 (0.95–1.22) | None Weak Weak |
Levenstein 2000 | Italy | 62 | UC | 45 | Major life stress PLEI Perceived stress LT PSQ Depression CES-D | CRP/Rectal biopsy | HR = .73 (0.27–2.0) HR = 2.8 (1.1–7.2) HR = 0.99 (0.36–2.7) | None Strong None |
Camara 2011 | Switzerland | 468 | CD | 18 | Perceived stress G-PSQ Anxiety model HADS Depression model HADS | CDAI | OR = 1.85 (1.43–2.40) OR = 1.78 (1.38–2.30) OR = 1.78 (1.38–2.28) | Weak Weak Weak |
Bernstein 2016 | Canada | 487 | IBD | 3 | Perceived stress PSS | MIBDI | R = .71–.78 (.52–.88) | Strong |
Gaines, 2016 | USA | 2144 | CD | 12 | Depression PROMIS | SCDAI | t (p = 0.001, df = 2) | Weak |
Mikocka-Walus 2016 | Switzerland | 2007 | IBD | 108 | Depression IBD HADS Depression CD HADS Depression UC HADS Anxiety IBD HADS Anxiety CD HADS Anxiety UC HADS | Physician Assessed CDAI MTWAI | p = .000001 p = .0007 p = .005 p = .0014 p = .031 p = .066 | Strong Strong Strong Strong Strong Weak |
Gracie 2018 | UK | 405 | IBD | 24 months | Depression HADS Anxiety HADS | HBI SCCAI | HR = 0.86; (0.33–2.27) HR = 2.08 (1.31–3.30) | Weak Moderate |
Kochar 2018 | USA | 2798 1516 | CD UC | 22 months 24 months | Depression PHQ Depression PHQ | mHBI SCCAI | RR = 2.3 (1.9–2.8) RR = 1.3 (0.0–1.7) | Moderate Weak |