Table 1 Proposed dashboard distribution strategy of air ambulance outcome measure examples in a combined IOM and Donabedian domains

Effectiveness examples:

Appropriate HR(qualifications, quantity), facilities (proximity population, tertiary), equipment (ECMO), or funding structures which incorporate EBM

Appropriate guidelines or policy driven by EBM

Improved patient survival

Efficiency examples

Appropriate HR, facilities, equipment, or funding which minimize waste of equipment, ideas, or energy

Guidelines and policy which appropriate tasking to avoid over/under triage

Decrease in patient mortality and morbidity

Safety examples:

HR, equipment, facilities, funding structures which meet aviation and clinical safety regulation

Aviation and health procedures and guidelines which facilitate swift and safe departures

Patient survival; avoiding adverse events

Patient-centeredness examples

HR quantity and qualifications to meet patient and population-specific needs

Current standards of care to meet patient-specific needs

Survival; respecting patient values and preferences

Timeliness examples

Equipment, facilities, funding structure, HR quantity, and qualifications for timely assessment and treatment implementation

Active governance which monitor total system response time

Improved patient survival due to timely care

Equity examples

Equipment, facilities, HR, and funding structure to meet time/distance/patient variation

Appropriate policy, standards and/or procedures to meet needs of remote and disadvantaged communities

Patient survival across gender, ethnicity, geographic location, or socioeconomic status variations