Table 1 Summary of the characteristic of the all-inclusive studies
Author name and year | Country | Study design | Participants | Protocol | Outcomes assessed | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Categories of athletes | Male | Female | Total | Number of times to obtain supplement in a day | Intervention duration (day) | Exercise activity during intervention duration | Consume the supplementation during intervention duration | Â |
[24] | Australia | Random within-subject, counterbalanced | Young, healthy, resistance-trained | 8 | 7 | 15 | 1 time(s) | 60 days, include wash out period | Leg press | Consume the supplementation during exercise | Essential amino acid, branched-chain amino acids |
[25] | Spain | Random counterbalanced double blinding | Cyclists | 15 | 0 | 15 | 1 time(s) | 16 days | Cycling | Consume the supplementation during exercise | Creatine kinase |
[26] | Denmark | Random | Soccer players | 16 | 0 | 16 | 1 time(s) | 2 days | Soccer game | Consume the supplementation after exercise | Myoglobin, creatine kinase |
[27] | Denmark | Random block single blinding | Elite orienteers | 8 | 10 | 18 | 1 time(s) | 7 days | Running | Consume the supplementation before and after exercise | Creatine kinase |
[28] | Denmark | Random block single blinding | Elite orienteers | 18 | 0 | 18 | 4 time(s) | 7 days | Cycling, mix of distance training, interval training, mountain climbing | Consume the supplementation after exercise | Creatine kinase |
[29] | The UK | Random counterbalanced | Cyclists and tri-athletes | 9 | 0 | 9 | 1 time(s) | 7 days | Cycling | Consume the supplementation before exercise | Essential amino acid, branched-chain amino acids |
[30] | The USA | Non-random counterbalanced within-group double blinding | Resistance training experience | 13 | 0 | 13 | 2 time(s) | 56 days, include wash out period | Cycle, dynamic stretches, jump test | Consume the supplementation before and during exercise | Creatine kinase |
[31] | Indonesia | Random double blinding | Badminton player | 18 | 0 | 18 | 1 time(s) | 4 days | Resistance exercise was conducted using squat | Consume the supplementation after exercise | Creatine kinase |
[32] | Brazil | Random double blinding | Soccer players | 24 | 0 | 24 | 1 time(s) | 56 days | Cycle, soccer | Consume the supplementation after exercise | Creatine kinase |
[33] | Brazil | Random | Soccer players | 24 | 0 | 24 | 2 time(s) | 180 days | Soccer training | Consume the supplementation before exercise and after exercise | Creatine kinase |
[34] | Japan | Non-random crossover double blinding | Trained men | 8 | 0 | 8 | 4 time(s) | 9 days, include wash out period | Cycle | Consume the supplementation after exercise | Branched-chain amino acids |
[35] | The UK | Random counterbalanced, crossover double blinding | Amateur soccer players | 16 | 0 | 16 | 4 time(s) | 13 days, include wash out period | Run, jogging, running | Consume the supplementation before, during and after exercise | Myoglobin, creatine kinase |
[36] | Australia | Random counterbalanced, crossover | Physically active | 8 | 0 | 8 | 2 time(s) | 16 days, include wash out period | Plate-loaded leg extension | Consume the supplementation after exercise | Essential amino acid, branched-chain amino acids |
[37] | Canada | Random crossover, counterbalanced double blinding | Resistance-trained | 8 | 0 | 8 | 1 time(s) | 16 days | Resistance exercise, weight lifted | Consume the supplementation before exercise | Essential amino acid, branched-chain amino acids |
[38] | China | Randomised control trial | Track and field athletes | 14 | 6 | 20 | 3 time(s) | 1 days | Track and field | Consume the supplementation before and after exercise | Creatine kinase |