Exercise, or exercise and diet for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kite, Chris; Lahart, Ian M.; Afzal, Islam; Broom, David R.; Randeva, Harpal; Kyrou, Ioannis; Brown, James E.

doi:10.1186/s13643-019-0962-3

Systematic Reviews

Table 3 Effect estimates and heterogeneity for change from baseline to post-intervention scores and immediately post-intervention values, for all outcomes analysed in the exercise versus control comparison

From: Exercise, or exercise and diet for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Outcome	References	Change from baseline					Immediately post-intervention values
Outcome	References	N	MD	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	I² (%)	N	MD	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	I² (%)
SBP (mmHg)	[101, 108, 117, 118]	158	− 2.93	− 7.06	1.20	50	158	2.02	− 6.82	10.86	87
DBP (mmHg)	[101, 108, 117, 118]	158	− 2.19	− 5.23	0.85	46	158	− 0.82	− 3.49	1.84	31
FBG (mg/dL)	[32, 100, 101, 107, 109, 110, 117,118,118,119]	263	− 1.08	− 2.47	0.30	16	238	− 1.69	− 4.35	0.97	37
FI (μIU/mL)	[32, 100, 101, 107, 109, 110, 117,118,119]	263	− 2.44**	− 4.24	− 0.64	91	238	− 2.11**	− 3.49	− 0.73	40
HOMA-IR	[32, 100, 101, 107, 109, 110, 117, 119]	173	− 0.57**	− 0.99	− 0.14	87	148	− 0.22	− 0.80	0.36	69
TC (mg/dL)	[32, 101, 108,109,110, 117, 118]	225	− 5.88**	− 9.92	− 1.83	35	225	− 6.35**	− 10.76	− 1.95	0
LDL-C (mg/dL)	[32, 101, 108,109,110, 117, 118]	225	− 7.39***	− 9.83	− 4.95	0	225	− 6.68**	− 11.66	− 1.70	0
HDL-C (mg/dL)^▲	[32, 101, 108,109,110, 117, 118]	225	0.29	− 1.46	2.04	52	225	1.87	− 1.59	5.33	65
TG (mg/dL)	[32, 101, 108,109,110, 117, 118]	225	− 4.78***	− 7.52	− 2.05	3	225	− 1.97	− 7.36	3.42	18
VO₂ max (ml/kg/min)^▲	[32, 100, 103, 107, 109, 118]	229	3.84***	2.87	4.81	17	184	5.01***	3.48	6.54	42
RHR (bpm)	[32, 101, 117, 118]	156	− 2.65	− 5.55	0.25	51	156	− 3.26***	− 4.93	− 1.59	0
BMI (kg/m²)	[32, 34, 100, 101, 103, 107, 109, 110, 117, 118, 119]	331	− 0.49	− 1.04	0.06	66	272	− 1.02**	− 1.81	− 0.23	0
Body Mass (kg)	[32, 34, 101, 103, 109, 110, 119]	139	− 1.25	− 3.27	0.76	33	128	− 0.48	− 4.86	3.91	0
WC (cm)	[32, 34, 108, 109, 117,118,119]	221	− 2.62***	− 4.13	− 1.11	53	221	− 2.33	− 5.23	0.58	15
WHR	[101, 118]	101	− 0.03	− 0.08	0.02	0	101	− 0.04	− 0.08	0.01	19
Body Fat (%)	[32, 109, 119]	60	− 1.39*	− 2.61	− 0.18	30	60	− 3.28	− 7.39	0.83	22
Fat Mass (kg)	[32, 101, 119]	63	− 1.70	− 3.93	0.53	70	38	5.14	− 14.39	24.68	65
FFM (kg)^▲	[32, 101, 119]	63	0.46	− 0.89	1.81	58	38	4.99	− 7.31	17.28	75
Testosterone (nmol/L)	[32, 101, 117,118,119]	203	− 0.09	− 0.24	0.06	0	169	− 0.08	− 0.35	0.19	37
SHBG (nmol/L)	[32, 101, 118, 119]	173	7.51	− 8.01	23.04	89	139	4.03	− 18.57	26.63	66
Free T (pg/mL)	[101, 117]	74	− 0.43	− 1.74	0.88	76	41	0.33	− 0.10	0.77	0
FAI	[32, 101, 118, 119]	139	0.24	− 0.55	1.04	0	139	0.68	− 1.09	2.44	46
FG	[101, 118]	135	− 0.63	− 2.08	0.81	0	101	− 0.75	− 2.03	0.54	0
Oestradiol (pmol/L)	[100, 101, 117, 118]	190	− 13.94	− 54.53	26.64	65	120	0.27	− 11.27	11.80	0
DHEA-S (μmol/L)	[32, 101]	70	− 0.60	− 1.58	0.39	0	36	− 0.20	− 1.87	1.46	0
LH (IU/L)	[101, 104, 117, 118]	185	− 0.30	− 2.54	1.95	72	151	− 0.66	− 2.39	1.06	43
FSH (IU/L)	[101, 104, 117, 118]	185	0.23	− 0.08	0.53	0	151	− 0.01	− 0.40	0.37	0
LH/FSH ratio	[101, 117]	41	− 0.02	− 0.38	0.33	0	41	0.32	− 0.22	0.86	37
PG (nmol/L)	[102, 118]	115	− 0.72	− 2.53	1.09	74	–	–	–	–	–
Prolactin (ng/mL)	[104, 118]	110	− 0.05	− 0.71	0.61	0	110	0.20	− 0.27	0.68	0
hsCRP (mg/L)	[32, 119]	38	− 0.41	− 1.19	0.37	0	38	0.67	− 1.31	2.65	0
AMH (ng/mL)	[32, 109, 110]	67	− 0.67	− 1.65	0.32	0	67	0.48	− 1.89	2.84	0
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	[32, 101]	70	− 0.20	− 1.04	0.64	0	–	–	–	–	–

Effect estimates are reported as mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals, between exercise and usual care groups. Heterogeneity reported using I² statistic
Key: 95% CI 95% confidence intervals, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, FI fasting insulin, HOMA-IR homeostatic model of assessment - insulin resistance, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, RHR resting heart rate, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, FFM fat-free mass, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin, Free T free testosterone, FAI free androgen index, FG Ferriman-Gallwey score, DHEA-S dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, LH luteinising hormone, FSH follicle stimulating hormone, PG progesterone, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, AMH anti-Müllerian hormone. N number or participants included within analysis
^▲Positive values favour exercise over control.
^•Study only included in the change from baseline analysis
Statistically significant effects denoted by *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001

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ISSN: 2046-4053

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