Table 1 Outcome measures - Recall of included studies and the reduction in screening effort (RSE)

Recall of included studies

\( \mathrm{recall}\ \left(\%\right)=\frac{\mathrm{number}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{included}\ \mathrm{studies}\ \mathrm{retrieved}}{\mathrm{total}\ \mathrm{number}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{included}\ \mathrm{studies}}\times 100 \)

Reduction in screening effort (RSE)

\( \mathrm{Precision}=\frac{\mathrm{Number}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{included}\ \mathrm{studies}\ \mathrm{retrieved}}{\mathrm{Total}\ \mathrm{number}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{records}\ \mathrm{retrieved}} \)

\( \mathrm{Screening}\ \mathrm{effort}\ \left(\mathrm{SE}\right)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{Precision}} \)

\( \mathrm{Reduction}\ \mathrm{in}\ \mathrm{screening}\ \mathrm{effort}\ \mathrm{RSE}\ \left(\%\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{SE}}_{\mathrm{method}{1}^{\dagger }}-{\mathrm{SE}}_{\mathrm{method}{2}^{\ddagger }}}{{\mathrm{SE}}_{\mathrm{method}{1}^{\dagger }}}\times 100 \)