Fig. 3

SMD (95% CI) of functional electrical stimulation (FES) vs control on secondary outcomes (functional motor recovery). a FMA. b BBT. c Visual representation of all secondary outcome measures. MAS HM Motor Assessment Scale Hand Movements, MAS UAF Motor Assessment Scale Upper Arm Function, FMA Fugl-Meyer Assessment, BBT Box and Block Test, ARAT Action Research Arm Test, FTHUE Functional Test for the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity, RELHT Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory Hand Test (Block subscore shown here), CMSA Chedoke McMasters Stroke Assessment, 9HPT Nine Hole Peg Test, 10CMT Ten Cup Moving Test, 5s 5-second stimulation pulse duration, 10s 10-second stimulation pulse duration