Table 1 Conditions sets used in two qualitative comparative analyses (QCA) within an existing systematic review of medication adherence interventions
From: Using qualitative comparative analysis in a systematic review of a complex intervention
Analysis 1 Behavior change techniques useda |
Increasing knowledge—provision of general information about behavior-related health consequences, use of individualized information, increase in understanding/memory enhancement |
Increasing awareness—risk communication, self-monitoring, reflective listening, behavioral feedback |
Providing facilitation—ongoing professional support, dealing with adverse effects, individualizing/simplifying regimen (fewer pills, fewer medications, less frequent dosing, timing of dosing to fit individual schedule), reducing environmental barriers |
Increasing self-efficacy—modeling, practice/skills training, verbal persuasion, coping response, graded tasks, reattribution of success/failure |
Supporting intention formation—general intention, medication schedule, goals, behavioral contract |
Increasing use of action control techniques—cues/reminders, self-persuasion, social support |
Changing attitudes—targeting attitudes toward adherence behaviors |
Supporting behavior maintenance—setting maintenance goals, relapse prevention |
Using motivational interviewing—client-centered yet directive counseling style that facilitates behavior change through helping clients resolve ambivalence |
Analysis 2 Implementation features |
Intervention agent—the entity interacting with the intervention target to provide the intervention, for example health care professional, research assistant, automated computer or phone agent |
Intervention target—the entity receiving the intervention, for example patient, provider, health care system, or combination |
Span—the total length of time (in weeks) over which the intervention was provided |
Mode of delivery—the mechanism through which the intervention was provided, for example in-person, over the phone, or virtually (online, text message, email, chat room, etc.) |
Exposure—the total dose of the intervention (in minutes) |