Table 1 Summary table for accepted studies—gastrointestinal system
| Â | Setting (beds); country | Definition of ward closure (length) | Other measures | Inpatient outcomes (includes index case(s))a | Controlled (Y, N, NA) | Due tob |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clostridium difficile | ||||||
Cherifi et al. [28] | 4 geriatric wards (97 total) at a teaching hospital (758); Belgium | No new admissions; no transfers (10d) | 8 | 21/92 in total: 11 (52Â %) died; 6 (29Â %) relapsed | Y | All |
Hastie et al. [23] | Urological ward; England | No new admissions (1m) | 5 | 17/42 in total: all infected; 4 (24Â %) relapsed | NA | Multiple |
Ratnayake et al. [25] | Vascular acute surgery ward (24); Scotland | No new admissions (2w) | 7 | 9 in total: 2 (22Â %) died | Y | All |
Norovirus | ||||||
Fretz et al. [22] | Internal medicine, intensive care, surgery, and orthopedics departments at a general hospital (176); Austria | No new admissions (3 occasions: 11d, 9d, 9d) | 3 | 56 in total | NA | All |
Hoffmann et al. [36] | 34 wards at a teaching hospital; Germany | Limited transfers (6d) | 3 | 116 in total | Y | NA |
Kanerva et al. [34] | 23 wards at a tertiary hospital (504); Finland | No new admissions; limited transfers | 5 | 240 in total: 181 (75Â %) positive; 9 (4Â %) died | NA | Multiple |
McCall and Smithson [31] | Acute elderly care ward; Ireland | No new admissions; no transfers; limited discharges (3d) | 9 | 20 in total: 6 (30Â %) positive, 14 (70Â %) assumed | Y | All |
Russo et al. [35] | 3 extended care (30 each), acute care (37) wards at an elderly extended care facility (380); Australia | No new admissions; limited discharges; (2 occasions: 22d, 13d) | 10 | 58 in total | N: seemed to limit the outbreak | Uncertain |
Stevenson et al. [32] | 11 wards at a geriatric hospital (300); England | Stage 1: unspecified closure | Stage 1: 4 Stage 2: 3 Stage 3: 1 | 95 in total | N: outbreak declared over but new cases | All |
Stage 2: no new admissions; no transfers; limited discharges (12d) | ||||||
Weber et al. [26] | Pediatric psychiatric unit (10) at a teaching hospital; USA | No new admissions (9d) | 6 | 3/4 in total | Y | All |
Zingg et al. [30] | 2 internal medicine wards at a tertiary hospital (960); Switzerland | No new admissions; no transfers | 6 | 16/115 in total: 12 (75Â %) positive, 3 (19Â %) assumed, 1 (6Â %) symptomatic | N: reduced number of new cases | All |
Rotavirus | ||||||
Clark et al. [21] | Infectious disease (10) and general infant (16) wards; England | No new admissions (5d) | 3 | 20 in total | Y | All |
Srinivasan et al. [37] | Neonatal unit; USA | Unspecified closure of transitional nursery | 5 | 23/28 in total: 5 (22Â %) positive; 18 infected (78Â %) | Y | Multiple |
Widdowson et al. [27] | Neonatal medium care unit (15), and pediatric and maternity wards at a general hospital; The Netherlands | Closure 1: no new admissions and discharge of all cases | Wave 1: 2 Wave 2: 5 End of outbreak: 2 | 56/358 in total | Y: relapse after 2w | Multiple |
Closure 2: no admissions and emptied of all patients (2 closures: 3d, 7d) | ||||||
Salmonella panama | ||||||
Kienitz et al. [24] | Pediatric ward in a specialty hospital; Germany | No new admissions | 3 | 16 in total | N: new cases after closure | NA |
Small round structured virus | ||||||
Green et al. [29] | Wards and a day hospital at a mentally infirm hospital; England | No new admissions; no transfers (17d) | 5 | 13/21 in total | N: new cases after measures | NA |
Small round structured virus and small round featureless virus | ||||||
Cunney et al. [33] | Geriatric, general, and neighboring wards; Ireland | No new admissions; limited transfers (15d) | 5 | 47 in total: 1 (2Â %) died | Y | All |