Effects of education to facilitate knowledge about chronic pain for adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Table 7 Psychosocial outcome measures - follow-up

Outcome measure	Study	sample size			Statistic used	Heterogeneity	Effect size		Test for overall effect		Notes
		Intervention	Control	Total		I ² (%)		[95 % CI]	Z-value	p-value
CATASTROPHISING
Education versus usual care
CSQ – catastrophising PCP (EA) - catastrophising	Soares 2002; Ruehlman 2012	177	160	337	SMD random	0	−0.09	[−0.30, 0.13]	0.79	0.43	Figure 9
Comparison of different types of education
Pain catastrophising scale (PCS)	van Oosterwijck 2013; Gallagher 2013	55	54	109	SMD random	0	−0.87	[−1.26, −0.47]	4.31	<0.0001	Figure 11; favours education
KNOWLEDGE OF PAIN
comparison of different types of education
Pain biology/neuro-physiology knowledge	Gallagher 2013; van Oosterwijck 2013	55	54	109	MD random	0	3.69	[2.22, 5.17]	4.90	<0.00001	Figure 13; favours education
knowledge and attitude score	Ferrell 1997	9	9	18	MD random	n/a	24.10	[9.15, 39.05]	3.16	0.002	Sample >65 years
GLOBAL HEALTH
Comparison of different types of education
SF36 - general health perceptions	van Oosterwijck 2013	15	15	30	MD random	n/a	9.10	[−1.07, 19.27]	1.75	0.08
SF36 - overall health rating	Ferrell 1997	10	10	20	MD random	n/a	5.60	[−9.73, 20.93]	0.72	0.47	Sample >65 years
MOOD
Education versus usual care
DASS – depression	Ruehlman 2012	162	143	305	MD random	n/a	0.36	[−0.99, 1.71]	0.52	0.60
Comparison of different types of education
SF36 - mental health	van Oosterwijck 2013	15	15	30	MD random	n/a	18.20	[5.39, 31.01]	2.78	0.005	Favours education
SOCIAL FUNCTION
Comparison of different types of education
SF36 – social function	van Oosterwijck 2013	15	15	30	MD random	n/a	−3.10	[−19.13, 12.93]	0.38	0.70

SF-36 RAND 36-item health survey, DASS depression, anxiety and stress scale, CSQ coping strategies questionnaire, PCS pain catastrophising scale, CSQ coping strategies questionnaire, PCP (EA) profile of chronic pain (Extended Assessment); 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval; Effect size represented as standardised mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) depending on statistic used; Random = random effects model; heterogeneity is not applicable (n/a) when reported as single study

ISSN: 2046-4053