Complete case analysis | Imputations for participants with missing outcome data | Take uncertainty into account | Relation with ITT principle | Approach assesses risk of bias associated with missing data | Testing of the proposed approach | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Based on reasons for missingness | Based on mean observed in the same arm | Based on mean observed in the other arm | Based on mean observed in other included trials | Other imputation method | ||||||
Ebrahim et al. [9] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ |
As primary analysis | Applied in 2 meta-analyses of 16 RCTs | |||||||||
Higgins et al. [12] | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | ||
As primary analysis (point of reference) | As primary analysis (preferred) | Relative to risk among followed up; best and worst-case scenarios | Applied in 1 meta-analysis of 20 RCTs |