Table 3 Agreement statistics for the best algorithm (s) assessing prevalent heart failure

Borzecki [67]

USA

82

ACD

MR

9

Any

77.0

99.0

–

–

0.74

Birman-Deych [78]

USA

11014

Registry

MR

9

Any

76.0 (75.2–76.8)

98.0 (97.7–98.2)

97.0 (96.6–97.3)

82.4 (81.8–83.0)

–

Rector [71]

USA

218

ACD ^a

Self-report

9

Best alg.

70.2 (63.6–76.2)

91.0 (90.0–91.9)

33.3 (29.0–98.4)

98.0 (97.4–98.4)

–

Allen [77]

USA

108

Registry

MR

9

Alg. 2

61.5 (39.6–79.5)

98.5 (96.6–99.3)

68.6 (44.9–85.4)

97.9 (95.9–99.0)

–

Van Doorn [75]

USA

217

HDD

MR

10

Any

56.7 (49.8–63.4)

98.7 (96.7–99.6)

96.9 (92.1–99.1)

76.3 (71.8–80.4)

0.59

Fleming [59]

USA

103

ACD

MR

9

Study alg.

46.6 (36.7–56.7)

95.9 (94.9–96.7)

37.2 (28.9–46.2)

97.1 (96.3–97.8)

0.38

Kieszak [69]

USA

145

ACD

MR

9

Any

–

–

–

–

0.38

Etzioni [12]

USA

249

HDD

Registry

9

Secondary

–

–

–

–

0.22

Schultz [76]

Canada

99

HDD + ACD

Primary care record

8, 9, 10

Alg. 4

84.8 (76.2–91.3)

97.0 (96.2–97.7)

55.6 (47.3–63.7)

99.3 (98.9–99.6)

–

Xu [72]

Canada

296

HDD

MR

10

Any

57.4 (51.8–63.0)

99.2 (98.8–99.6)

92.4 (88.6–96.2)

93.4 (92.3–94.5)

–

 + EMR

Any + MLA

83.3 (73.9–92.8)

97.3 (95.6–98.9)

83.3 (73.9–92.8)

97.3 (95.6–98.9)

–

Juurlink [79]

Canada

1371

HDD

Re–coded MR

10

Secondary

82.0 (80.0–84.0)

96.0 (95.6–96.3)

68.0 (65.0–70.0)

98.1 (97.8–98.3)

0.71 (0.69–0.73)

So [65]

Canada

55

HDD

MR

10

Secondary

80.0 (67.0–89.6)

97.8 (93.8–99.6)

93.6 (82.5–98.7)

92.5 (86.9–96.2)

–

9

Secondary

81.8 (68.7–90.5)

96.4 (91.8–98.8)

90.0 (78.2–96.7)

93.0 (87.5–96.6)

–

Quan (2002) [63]

Canada

128

HDD

MR

9

Any

77.3 (69.1–84.3)

98.7 (97.8–99.3)

87.6 (80.1–93.1)

97.3 (96.2–98.2)

0.80

Quan (2008) [70]

Canada

333

Re-coded MR

MR

9

Any

71.8 (66.6–76.5)

99.3 (99.0–99.5)

90.2 (86.0–93.5)

97.5 (96.9–98.0)

0.78

HDD

MR

10

Any

68.6 (63.2–73.5)

99.3 (99.0–99.6)

90.1 (85.8–93.5)

97.2 (96.6–97.7)

0.76

Humphries [60]

Canada

58

HDD

MR

9

Any

65.5 (51.9–77.5)

95.0 (93.2–96.4)

50.0 (38.3–61.7)

97.3 (95.9–98.3)

0.53

Wilchesky [49]

Canada

1057

ACD

Primary care record

9

Any

41.5 (38.5–44.6)

96.1 (95.7–96.4)

44.4 (41.3–47.6)

95.6 (95.2–95.9)

–

Henderson [68]

Australia

392

HDD

Re-coded

MR

10

Any (98–99)

87.0 (83.1–90.2)

99.4 (99.2–99.6)

89.9 (86.2–92.7)

99.3 (99.0–99.5)

0.88

153

Any (00–01)

86.3 (79.7–91.0)

99.7 (99.6–99.8)

86.3 (79.7–91.0)

99.7 (99.6–99.8)

0.86

Powell [61]

Australia

172

HDD

MR

9

Secondary

62.2 (54.5–69.5)

98.3 (97.4–98.9)

81.7 (74.0–87.9)

95.4 (94.2–96.4)

–

Preen [62]

Australia

100

HDD

MR

9

Any

40.0 (30.3–50.3)

99.8 (99.5–99.9)

90.9 (78.3–97.5)

97.0 (96.1–97.7)

–

Sarfati [64]

New Zealand

64

HDD

MR

9

Any

31.3 (20.2–44.1)

98.0 (96.4–99.0)

66.7 (47.2–82.7)

91.8 (89.2–94.0)

0.38 (0.25–0.51)

Chong [58]

Singapore

469

HDD

MR

9

Secondary

35.4 (31.1–39.9)

97.1 (96.5–97.7)

65.9 (59.2–71.7)

90.6 (89.5–91.6)

0.40 (0.39–0.42)

Kaspar [73]

Germany

222

HDD

MR

10

Any + MLA

83.8 (78.3–88.4)

97.2 (95.8–98.2)

89 .0 (83.9–92.9)

95.7 (94.1–97.0)

–

 + EMR

Any

49.5 (42.8–56.3)

99.1 (98.2–99.7)

94.0 (88.1–97.6)

87.9 (85.6–89.9)

–

Soo [66]

UK

546

HDD

MR

10

Any

52.4 (48.2–56.5)

91.6 (90.5–92.6)

56.0 (51.6–60.2)

90.4 (89.2–91.5)

0.45

Luthi [74]

Switzerland

52

HDD

MR

10

Any

48.1 (34.0–62.4)

93.2 (91.3–94.8)

30.5 (20.8–41.6)

96.7 (95.2–97.8)

0.32 (0.21–0.43)