Table 1 Incorporating the Meta-analysis results of the included research literature

3-month postoperative AOFAS score [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]

3

5

181

185

40%

Fixed Effects

MD

9.05 [6.90, 11.19]

 < 0.05

6-month postoperative AOFAS score [5, 6, 8, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]

7

5

424

436

28%

Fixed Effects

MD

1.59 [0.51, 2.68]

 < 0.05

12-month postoperative AOFAS score [5,6,7,8, 10,11,12,13,14, 16, 17, 19,20,21,22,23,24,25]

11

7

495

517

0%

Fixed Effects

MD

2.00 [1.28, 2.72]

 < 0.05

Early postoperative TBCS [9, 10, 17, 25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]

2

9

292

313

28%

Fixed Effects

MD

0.19 [0.12, 0.25]

 < 0.05

12-month postoperative TBCS[1, 6, 10, 16, 17, 21, 31,32,33,34,35]

3

8

267

284

3%

Fixed Effects

MD

-0.06 [—0.14, 0.02]

0.12

Early postoperative TBOL [9, 10, 17, 25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]

2

9

292

313

38%

Fixed Effects

MD

0.06 [-0.04, 0.15]

0.23

12-month Postoperative TBOL [1, 6, 10, 16, 17, 21, 31,32,33,34,35]

3

8

279

310

25%

Fixed Effects

MD

0.13 [0.03, 0.24]

 < 0.05

Postoperative local irritation and wound infection rate [9,10,11, 13,14,15, 17, 18, 28, 30, 31, 36, 37]

6

7

490

465

9%

Fixed Effects

RR

0.54 [0.32, 0.93]

 < 0.05

Postoperative internal fixation loosening or rapture rate [9,10,11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 28, 30, 31, 36, 37]

6

7

490

465

0%

Fixed Effects

RR

0.26 [0.12, 0.55]

 < 0.05

Postoperative tibiofibular redislocation rate [9,10,11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 28, 30, 31, 36, 37]

3

3

490

465

0%

Fixed Effects

RR

0.74 [0.28, 1.91]

0.53

Postoperative full weight-bearing time [9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 28,29,30, 34, 36]

5

6

412

411

94%

Random Effects

MD

-1.69 [—2.39,—0.92]

 < 0.05

Intraoperative blood loss [9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 26,27,28, 30, 33,34,35, 38]

4

9

407

421

0%

Fixed Effects

MD

-0.73 [—1.76, 0.31]

0.17

Surgical time [12, 15, 18, 24, 26,27,28, 30, 33,34,35, 38]

6

6

346

366

96%

Random Effects

MD

9.24 [2.91, 15.57]

 < 0.05