From: Telemedicine with clinical decision support for critical care: a systematic review
Mortality | |||
 Lilly et al. (2011) | Hospital mortality | ICU mortality | |
 Pre-intervention (n = 1529) | 13.6 % | 10.7 % | |
 Telemedicine (n = 4761) | 11.8 % | 8.6 % | |
 Difference | 1.8 % | 2.1 % | |
 Adjusted odds ratio | OR, 0.40; CI, 0.31–0.52; p = .05 | OR, 0.37; CI, 0.28–0.49; p = .003 | |
Lilly et al. (2014) | Hospital mortality | ICU mortality | |
 Control group (n = 11,558) | 11 % | 8 % | |
 Telemedicine (n = 107,432) | 10 % | 6 % | |
 Difference | 1 % | 2 % | |
 Adjusted hazard ratio | HR, 0.84; CI, 0.78–0.89; p = <.001 | HR, 0.74; CI, 0.68–0.79; p = <.001 | |
Length of stay | |||
Lilly et al. (2011) | Hospital length of stay | ICU length of stay | |
 Pre-intervention (n = 1529) | 13.3 days | 6.4 days | |
 Telemedicine (n = 4761) | 9.8 days | 4.5 days | |
 Difference | 3.5 days | 1.9 days | |
 Adjusted hazard ratio | HR, 1.44; CI, 1.33–1.56; p < .001 | HR, 1.26; CI, 1.17–1.36; p < .001 | |
Lilly et al. (2014) | Hospital length of stay | ICU length of stay | |
 Control group (n = 11,558) |  |  | |
 Telemedicine (n = 107,432) |  |  | |
 Adjusted LOS difference | 15 % shorter; CI, 14–17 %; p < .001 | 20 % shorter; CI, 19–22 %; p < .001 | |
Adherence to best practice | |||
Lilly et al. (2011) | DVT prophylaxis | SU prophylaxis | |
 Pre-intervention | 85 % (1299/1527) | 83 % (1253/1505) | |
 Telemedicine | 99 % (4707/4733) | 96 % (4550/4760) | |
 Odds ratio | 15.4; CI, 11.3–21.1; p < .001 | 4.57; CI, 3.91–5.77; p < .001 | |
Lilly et al. (2011) | Cardiovascular protection | VAP prevention | |
  Pre-intervention | 80 % (311/391) | 33 % (190/582) | |
  Telemedicine | 99 % (2866/2894) | 52 % (770/1492) | |
  Odds ratio | 30.7; CI, 19.3–49.2; p < .001 | 2.20; CI, 1.79–2.70; p < .001 | |
Preventable complication rates | |||
Lilly et al. (2011) | VAP | CRBSI | AKI |
  Pre-intervention | 13 % (76/584) | 1.0 % (19/1529) | 12 % (174/1452) |
  Telemedicine | 1.6 % (32/1949) | 0.6 % (29/4761) | 12 % (540/4565) |
  Odds ratio | 0.15; CI, 0.09–0.23; p < .001 | 0.50; CI, 0.27–0.93; p = .005 | 1.00; CI, 0.71–1.69; p = .38 |