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  1. Post-marketing surveillance (PMS) may identify rare serious incidents or adverse events due to the long-term use of a medical device, which was not captured in the pre-market process. Percutaneous transluminal...

    Authors: Julie Polisena, Alan J Forster, Karen Cimon and Danielle Rabb
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:94
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Pediatric osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of bones requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment using parenteral followed by enteral agents. Major complications of pediatric osteomyelitis include transition...

    Authors: Chelsey Grimbly, Jeff Odenbach, Ben Vandermeer, Sarah Forgie and Sarah Curtis
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:92
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  3. In 1996, shortly after the founding of The Cochrane Collaboration, leading figures in test evaluation research established a Methods Group to focus on the relatively new and rapidly evolving methods for the sy...

    Authors: Mariska MG Leeflang, Jonathan J Deeks, Yemisi Takwoingi and Petra Macaskill
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:82
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a chronic disease, with fatal recurrences occurring in 5% to 9% of patients, yet it is also one of the best examples of preventable disease. Prognostic models that utilise multi...

    Authors: Joie Ensor, Richard D Riley, David Moore, Susan Bayliss, Sue Jowett and David A Fitzmaurice
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:91
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  6. The use of procedural sedation outside the operating theatre has increased in hospital settings and has gained popularity among non-anesthesiologists. Sedative agents used for procedural pain, although effecti...

    Authors: Siobhán McCoy, Abel Wakai, Carol Blackburn, Michael Barrett, Adrian Murphy, Maria Brenner, Philip Larkin, Gloria Crispino-O’Connell, Savithiri Ratnapalan and Ronan O’Sullivan
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:89
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  7. Numerous tools and items have been developed in all health areas to assess the risk of bias of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The Cochrane Collaboration (CC) released a new tool to assess bias in RCTs, b...

    Authors: Susan Armijo-Olivo, Jorge Fuentes, Todd Rogers, Lisa Hartling, Humam Saltaji and Greta G Cummings
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:88
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  8. Multimorbidity is increasingly prevalent but, aside from epidemiological work, the impact on associated provision of healthcare and/or education is little understood. For example, it is unclear how or why heal...

    Authors: Sarah Yardley, Elizabeth Cottrell and Joanne Protheroe
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:87
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  9. The concept of lung sounds conveying information regarding lung physiology has been used extensively in clinical practice, particularly with physical auscultation using a stethoscope. Advances in computer tech...

    Authors: Marc P Berry, Luigi Camporota and George Ntoumenopoulos
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:86
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  10. The Cochrane Collaboration was established in 1993, following the opening of the UK Cochrane Centre in 1992, at a time when searching for studies for inclusion in systematic reviews was not well-developed. Rev...

    Authors: Carol Lefebvre, Julie Glanville, L Susan Wieland, Bernadette Coles and Alison L Weightman
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:78
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  11. Racism is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of health. A growing body of epidemiological evidence shows strong associations between self-reported racism and poor health outcomes across diverse minor...

    Authors: Yin Paradies, Naomi Priest, Jehonathan Ben, Mandy Truong, Arpana Gupta, Alex Pieterse, Margaret Kelaher and Gilbert Gee
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:85
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  12. Cochrane Reviews are intended to help providers, practitioners and patients make informed decisions about health care. The goal of the Cochrane Applicability and Recommendation Methods Group (ARMG) is to devel...

    Authors: Miranda W Langendam, Elie A Akl, Philipp Dahm, Paul Glasziou, Gordon Guyatt and Holger J Schünemann
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:81
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  14. Methods for systematic reviews of the effects of health interventions have focused mainly on addressing the question of 'What works?’ or 'Is this intervention effective in achieving one or more specific outcom...

    Authors: Ian Shemilt, David McDaid, Kevin Marsh, Catherine Henderson, Evelina Bertranou, Jacqueline Mallander, Mike Drummond, Miranda Mugford and Luke Vale
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:83
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  17. Effective interventions to improve quality of life of cancer survivors are essential. Numerous randomized controlled trials have evaluated the effects of physical activity or psychosocial interventions on heal...

    Authors: Laurien M Buffart, Joeri Kalter, Mai JM Chinapaw, Martijn W Heymans, Neil K Aaronson, Kerry S Courneya, Paul B Jacobsen, Robert U Newton, Irma M Verdonck-de Leeuw and Johannes Brug
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:75
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  18. Systematic reviews are important for informing clinical practice and health policy. The aim of this study was to examine the bibliometrics of systematic reviews and to determine the amount of variance in citat...

    Authors: Pamela Royle, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Katharine Barnard and Norman Waugh
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) causes progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Treatment of T1DM requires insulin, and some evidence suggests that longer acting...

    Authors: Andrea C Tricco, Huda M Ashoor, Charlene Soobiah, Brenda Hemmelgarn, David Moher, Brian Hutton, Catherine H Yu, Sumit R Majumdar and Sharon E Straus
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:73
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  20. Approximately 20,000 people have a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 23,375 have a minor stroke in England each year. Fatigue, psychological and cognitive impairments are well documented post-stroke. Evidenc...

    Authors: Grace M Moran, Benjamin Fletcher, Melanie Calvert, Max G Feltham, Catherine Sackley and Tom Marshall
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:72
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  21. Prognosis research aims to identify factors associated with the course of health conditions. It is often challenging to judge the overall quality of research evidence in systematic reviews about prognosis due ...

    Authors: Anna Huguet, Jill A Hayden, Jennifer Stinson, Patrick J McGrath, Christine T Chambers, Michelle E Tougas and Lori Wozney
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:71
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  22. Non-cognitive behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia affect up to 90% of people with dementia during the disease course and result in distress, increased carer burden, high service utilization and ...

    Authors: Daksha Trivedi, Claire Goodman, Angela Dickinson, Heather Gage, Jennifer McLaughlin, Jill Manthorpe, Kunle Ashaye and Steve Iliffe
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:70
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  23. In 2011, The Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified a set of methodological standards to improve the validity, trustworthiness, and usefulness of systematic reviews. These standards, based on a mix of theoreti...

    Authors: Stephanie M Chang, Eric B Bass, Nancy Berkman, Timothy S Carey, Robert L Kane, Joseph Lau and Sara Ratichek
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:69
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  24. Infection occurs commonly among patients hospitalized after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and has been associated with increased intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay and an elevated risk of poor neu...

    Authors: Brittney NV Scott, Derek J Roberts, Helen Lee Robertson, Andreas H Kramer, Kevin B Laupland, Shalina S Ousman, Paul Kubes and David A Zygun
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:68
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  26. Opioids are prescribed frequently and increasingly for the management of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Current systematic reviews have a number of limitations, leaving uncertainty with regard to the benefits...

    Authors: Jason W Busse, Stefan Schandelmaier, Mostafa Kamaleldin, Sandy Hsu, John J Riva, Per Olav Vandvik, Ludwig Tsoi, Tommy Lam, Shanil Ebrahim, Bradley Johnston, Lori Oliveri, Luis Montoya, Regina Kunz, Anna Malandrino, Neera Bhatnagar, Sohail M Mulla…
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:66
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  27. Literature documents that immigrant women in Canada have a higher prevalence of postpartum depression symptomatology than Canadian-born women. There exists a need to synthesize information on the contextual fa...

    Authors: Gina MA Higginbottom, Myfanwy Morgan, Joyce O’Mahony, Yvonne Chiu, Deb Kocay, Mirande Alexandre, Joan Forgeron and Marilyn Young
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:65
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  28. The role of vitamin D in management of depression is unclear. Results from observational and emerging randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of vitamin D in depression lack consistency ...

    Authors: Guowei Li, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Zainab Samaan, Shiyuan Zhang, Jonathan D Adachi, Alexandra Papaioannou and Lehana Thabane
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:64
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  29. Most patients who sustain mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have persistent symptoms at 1 week and 1 month after injury. This systematic review investigated the effectiveness of interventions initiated in acu...

    Authors: Jocelyn Gravel, Antonio D’Angelo, Benoit Carrière, Louis Crevier, Miriam H Beauchamp, Jean-Marc Chauny, Maggy Wassef and Nils Chaillet
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. The purpose of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) research group project is to establish an individual patient-level database from high quality studies of ONSD ultrasonography for the detection of raised i...

    Authors: Julie Dubourg, Mahmoud Messerer, Dimitrios Karakitsos, Venkatakrishna Rajajee, Erik Antonsen, Etienne Javouhey, Alessandro Cammarata, Michael Cotton, Roy Thomas Daniel, Carmelo Denaro, Emmanuel Douzinas, Clément Dubost, Moncef Berhouma, Behrouz Kassai, Muriel Rabilloud, Antonino Gullo…
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:62
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  32. Health professionals and policymakers aspire to make healthcare decisions based on the entire relevant research evidence. This, however, can rarely be achieved because a considerable amount of research finding...

    Authors: Katharina Felicitas Mueller, Joerg J Meerpohl, Matthias Briel, Gerd Antes, Erik von Elm, Britta Lang, Viktoria Gloy, Edith Motschall, Guido Schwarzer and Dirk Bassler
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:60
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  33. Rehabilitation interventions are a key component of the services required by individuals with neurotrauma to recover or compensate for altered abilities and achieve optimal social participation. Primary studie...

    Authors: Marie-Eve Lamontagne, Cynthia Gagnon, Anne-Sophie Allaire and Luc Noreau
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:59
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  35. Despite strong indications that fatigue is the most common and debilitating symptom after traumatic brain injury, little is known about its frequency, natural history, or relation to other factors. The current...

    Authors: Tatyana Mollayeva, Tetyana Kendzerska, Shirin Mollayeva, Colin M Shapiro, Angela Colantonio and J David Cassidy
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:57
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  36. The evidence that higher levels of physical activity and/or lower levels of physical inactivity are associated with beneficial health-related outcomes stems mainly from observational studies. Findings from the...

    Authors: David Nunan, Kamal R Mahtani, Nia Roberts and Carl Heneghan
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:56
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  37. Each year, 287,000 women die from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth, and 3.8 million newborns die before reaching 28 days of life. The near totality (99%) of maternal and neonatal deaths occurs ...

    Authors: Étienne V Langlois, Malgorzata Miszkurka, Daniela Ziegler, Igor Karp and Maria Victoria Zunzunegui
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:55
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  38. Based on small to moderate effect sizes for the wide range of symptomatic treatments in osteoarthritis (OA), and on the heterogeneity of OA patients, treatment guidelines for OA have stressed the need for rese...

    Authors: Marienke van Middelkoop, Krysia S Dziedzic, Michael Doherty, Weiya Zhang, Johannes W Bijlsma, Timothy E McAlindon, Stefan L Lohmander and Sita MA Bierma-Zeinstra
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:54
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  39. To identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with cases of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) in patients with Crohn’s disease, and to assess strength of evidence for a causal relationshi...

    Authors: Saranya A Selvaraj, Elizabeth Chairez, Lisa M Wilson, Mark Lazarev, Eric B Bass and Susan Hutfless
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:53
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  40. Compared to subgroup analyses in a single study or in a traditional meta-analysis, an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA) offers important potential advantages. We studied how many IPDMAs report on s...

    Authors: Gerjon Hannink, Hein G Gooszen, Cornelis JHM van Laarhoven and Maroeska M Rovers
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. The identification of eligible controlled trials for systematic reviews of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions can be difficult. To increase access to these difficult to locate trials, t...

    Authors: L Susan Wieland, Eric Manheimer, Margaret Sampson, Jabez Paul Barnabas, Lex M Bouter, Kiho Cho, Myeong Soo Lee, Xun Li, Jianping Liu, David Moher, Tetsuro Okabe, Elizabeth D Pienaar, Byung-Cheul Shin, Prathap Tharyan, Kiichiro Tsutani, Daniëlle A van der Windt…
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Hysterosalpingosonography has been suggested as a less invasive alternative to hysterosalpingography for detecting tubal occlusion among subfertile women. We aim to determine the diagnostic accuracy of hystero...

    Authors: Sarah Maheux-Lacroix, Amélie Boutin, Lynne Moore, Marie-Ève Bergeron, Emmanuel Bujold, Philippe Y Laberge, Madeleine Lemyre and Sylvie Dodin
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:50
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  43. There is a growing demand for services whereby individuals receive assistance from care workers for personal care within the home. This has led to the development of re-ablement or restorative homecare service...

    Authors: Phillip J Whitehead, Avril ER Drummond, Marion F Walker and Ruth H Parry
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:49
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  44. Shared decision making in pediatrics is unique because it often involves active participation of both the child or adolescent patient and his or her caregiver(s) in the decision making process with the clinici...

    Authors: Kirk D Wyatt, Gabriela Prutsky Lopez, Juan Pablo Domecq Garces, Patricia Erwin, William B Brinkman, Victor M Montori and Annie LeBlanc
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:48
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  45. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. T2DM treatment is a step-wise approach beginning with lifestyle modifications (for example, diet, exercise), fol...

    Authors: Andrea C Tricco, Jesmin Antony, Charlene Soobiah, Brenda Hemmelgarn, David Moher, Brian Hutton, Catherine H Yu, Sumit R Majumdar and Sharon E Straus
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:47
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  46. Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists are a class of antiemetic medications often used to prevent nausea and vomiting among patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery. However, recent studies s...

    Authors: Andrea C Tricco, Charlene Soobiah, Jesmin Antony, Brenda Hemmelgarn, David Moher, Brian Hutton and Sharon E Straus
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:46
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  47. Patients undergoing surgery or chemotherapy often experience nausea and vomiting. To increase their quality of life and treatment satisfaction, antiemetic medication, such as serotonin receptor antagonists, is...

    Authors: Andrea C Tricco, Charlene Soobiah, Jesmin Antony, Brenda Hemmelgarn, David Moher, Brian Hutton and Sharon E Straus
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:45
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  48. Hypertension has been cited as the most common attributable risk factor for death worldwide, and in Canada more than one of every five adults had this diagnosis in 2007. In addition to different lifestyle modi...

    Authors: Brian Hutton, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Fatemeh Yazdi, Justin Thielman, Salmaan Kanji, Dean Fergusson, Lise Bjerre, Edward Mills, Kristian Thorlund, Andrea Tricco, Sharon Straus, David Moher and Frans HH Leenen
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:44
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  49. At the Rio Summit in 2011 on Social Determinants of Health, the global community recognized a pressing need to take action on reducing health inequities. This requires an improved evidence base on the effects ...

    Authors: Vivian A Welch, Mark Petticrew, Jennifer O’Neill, Elizabeth Waters, Rebecca Armstrong, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Damian Francis, Tracey Perez Koehlmoos, Elizabeth Kristjansson, Tomas Pantoja and Peter Tugwell
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:43
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  50. An estimated $100 billion is lost to ‘waste’ in biomedical research globally, annually, much of which comes from the poor quality of published research. One area of waste involves bias in reporting research, w...

    Authors: James Galipeau, David Moher, Becky Skidmore, Craig Campbell, Paul Hendry, D William Cameron, Paul C Hébert and Anita Palepu
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2013 2:41
    Content type: Protocol Published on:
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ISSN: 2046-4053