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  1. Comparisons between narrative synthesis and meta-analysis as synthesis methods in systematic reviews are uncommon within the same systematic review. We re-analysed a systematic review on the effects of plain p...

    Authors: G J Melendez-Torres, James Thomas, Theo Lorenc, Alison O’Mara-Eves and Mark Petticrew
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:153
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Surgical site infection describes an infectious complication of surgical wounds. This single complication is thought to occur in close to 20% of surgical cases. This complication has been described in all kind...

    Authors: Dawid Pieper, Tanja Rombey, Johannes Doerner, Julian-Dario Rembe, Hubert Zirngibl, Konstantinos Zarras and Peter C. Ambe
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:152
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  3. Heart failure (HF) is a common condition affecting more than 10% of those over 70 years of age. Reliable estimates of survival following a diagnosis of HF are important to guide management and facilitate advan...

    Authors: Nicholas R. Jones, Andrea K. Roalfe, Ibiye Adoki, F. D. Richard Hobbs and Clare J. Taylor
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:151
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  5. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent and recurrent conditions in the general population, with personal, professional, social and economic impact. However, there is a lack of consistent evidence abo...

    Authors: Liliane Mendonça, Matilde Monteiro-Soares and Luís Filipe Azevedo
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:149
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  6. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a common, sometimes difficult to diagnose spectrum of diseases occurring after abrupt reduction in blood flow through a coronary artery. Given the diagnostic challenge, it is s...

    Authors: Christopher Byrne, Cristian Toarta, Barbra Backus and Tim Holt
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:148
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  8. Hepatitis B causes death mainly due to liver disease worldwide. Human immunodeficiency virus increases the pathological effect of hepatitis viruses and potentiates re-activation of latent hepatitis infections ...

    Authors: Steve Leumi, Jean Joel Bigna, Marie A. Amougou, Leopold N. Aminde, Ulrich Flore Nyaga and Jean Jacques Noubiap
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:146
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  9. Mendelian randomization (MR) is fast becoming a popular method to judge causality from routinely conducted observational studies. However, stringent underlying statistical assumptions, missing biological infor...

    Authors: Sandeep Grover, Fabiola Del Greco M. and Inke R. König
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:145
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  10. Hypomethylating agents (HMA), azacitidine, and decitabine are frequently used in the management of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, there are no clinical trials that have directly compared these agent...

    Authors: Jehad Almasri, Hassan B. Alkhateeb, Belal Firwana, Mohamad Bassam Sonbol, Moussab Damlaj, Zhen Wang, M. Hassan Murad and Aref Al-Kali
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:144
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. A key determinant of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is bystander cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which can more than double an individual’s chances of surviving to discharge from hos...

    Authors: Fiona Dobbie, Kathryn Angus, Isabelle Uny, Edward Duncan, Lisa MacInnes, Liz Hasseld and Gareth Clegg
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:143
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  12. Estimates of survival for women diagnosed with early staged breast cancer are available based on stratification into prognostic categories defined using the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). This review aimed...

    Authors: Ewan Gray, Anna Donten, Katherine Payne and Peter S. Hall
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:142
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Suboptimal diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) drives use of ‘trial-of-antibiotics (non-tuberculosis)’ in an attempt to distinguish PTB patients from those with bacterial lower respiratory tract infec...

    Authors: Titus H. Divala, Katherine L. Fielding, Marriott Nliwasa, Derek J. Sloan, Ankur Gupta-Wright and Elizabeth L. Corbett
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:141
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  14. Failure to sustain knowledge translation (KT) interventions impacts patients and health systems, diminishing confidence in future implementation. Sustaining KT interventions used to implement chronic disease m...

    Authors: Andrea C. Tricco, Julia E. Moore, Nicole Beben, Ross C. Brownson, David A. Chambers, Lisa R. Dolovich, Annemarie Edwards, Lee Fairclough, Paul P. Glasziou, Ian D. Graham, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, Bev Holmes, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Chantelle C. Lachance, France Legare, Jessie McGowan…
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:140
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  15. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a public health problem in low-income countries, including African countries. Risk factors of this disease in Africa are still unclear. This study will examine the modif...

    Authors: Ayuba Issaka, Yin Paradies and Christopher Stevenson
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:139
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  16. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in hospital and community settings impose a substantial socio-economic burden. Therapeutic uncertainty due to the availability of a wide range of antibiotics and the nee...

    Authors: Jessica J. Bartoszko, Dominik Mertz, Lehana Thabane and Mark Loeb
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:138
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  17. Lean is a quality improvement management system from the Toyota manufacturing industry. Since the early 2000’s, Lean has been used as an intervention for healthcare improvement. Lean is intended to reduce cost...

    Authors: Rachel Flynn, Amanda S. Newton, Thomas Rotter, Dawn Hartfield, Sarah Walton, Michelle Fiander and Shannon D. Scott
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:137
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. To assess the financial burden due to out of pocket (OOP) payments, two mutually exclusive approaches have been used: catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and impoverishment. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countri...

    Authors: Purity Njagi, Jelena Arsenijevic and Wim Groot
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:136
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is reportedly common, persistent, associated with significant morbidity and often higher in cancer caregivers than cancer patients. This review will summarise empirical research...

    Authors: Stuart Leske, Allan Ben Smith, Sylvie D. Lambert and Afaf Girgis
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:134
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  21. Childhood obesity has become a global epidemic irrespective of the socioeconomic status of a country or nation. Obesity increases the risk of various diseases in children, for example asthma, sleep apnea, bone...

    Authors: Abdul Wajid, Muhammad Kashif Mughal, Deborah McNeil, Helen Lee Robertson and Dawn Kingston
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:133
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  22. Breast cancer and its treatment can have many physical and psychological effects on affected women. Women’s personal goals may provide insight into their priorities and motivations in the context of breast can...

    Authors: Andrea Chow, Justin Presseau, Iris Perelman, Lindsey Sikora and Dean Fergusson
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:132
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  23. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) efficaciously reduce systolic blood pressure (BP), a well-established risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI). Bo...

    Authors: Jonathan A. Batty, Mengyao Tang, Marlous Hall, Roberto Ferrari, Martin H. Strauss and Alistair S. Hall
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:131
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  24. Unsafe abortion is a neglected public health problem contributing for 13% of maternal death worldwide. In Africa, 99% of abortions are unsafe resulting in one maternal death per 150 cases. The prevalence of un...

    Authors: Merhawi Gebremedhin, Agumasie Semahegn, Tofik Usmael and Gezahegn Tesfaye
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:130
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  25. Studies published in languages other than English are often neglected when research teams conduct systematic reviews. Literature on how to deal with non-English studies when conducting reviews have focused on ...

    Authors: Lauge Neimann Rasmussen and Paul Montgomery
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:129
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  26. The prevalence of hypertension is a major public health challenge. Despite it being highly preventable, hypertension is responsible for a significant proportion of global morbidity and mortality. Common method...

    Authors: C. Noone, C. P. Dwyer, J. Murphy, J. Newell and G. J. Molloy
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:128
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  27. Southern Africa has long been vulnerable to climate-induced disasters, especially droughts and floods. The severity and frequency of disasters increased in the early 1980s, continuously eroding livelihoods, wh...

    Authors: Joseph K. Kamara, Nidhi Wali, Kingsley Agho and Andre M. N. Renzaho
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:127
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  28. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is a core demand of policymakers, funding parties, and health care professionals in practice. Although the causal mechanism from increased IPC to improved patient outcomes...

    Authors: Laura Kaiser, Sina Bartz, Edmund A. M. Neugebauer, Barbara Pietsch and Dawid Pieper
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:126
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  29. Current guidelines identify the choice of fluid resuscitation as important in minimizing the incidence of secondary brain injury from cerebral edema. It is widely accepted that isotonic crystalloid resuscitati...

    Authors: Mary Thompson, Lauralyn McIntyre, Brian Hutton, Alexandre Tran, Dianna Wolfe, Jamie Hutchison, Dean Fergusson, Alexis F. Turgeon and Shane W. English
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:125
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  30. Gastrointestinal (GI) conditions are highly prevalent, and their standard diagnostic tests are costly and carry risks. There is a need for new, cost-effective, non-invasive tests. Our main objective was to ass...

    Authors: Andrisha-Jade Inderjeeth, K. Mary Webberley, Josephine Muir and Barry J. Marshall
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:124
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. The first signs of serious mental illnesses (SMIs) including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression are likely to occur before the age of 25. The combination of high prevalence of severe mental h...

    Authors: Lindsay H. Dewa, Elizabeth Cecil, Lynne Eastwood, Ara Darzi and Paul Aylin
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:123
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  32. Breast milk composition has been reported to vary significantly between individual women and between different populations. However, the composition is also known to vary within the same woman between differen...

    Authors: Gabriela E. Leghi, Philippa F. Middleton and Beverly S. Muhlhausler
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:122
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  33. Lynch syndrome is the most common inherited cancer syndrome, which predisposes individuals to a number of different cancers, principally colorectal and endometrial cancer. The early diagnosis of Lynch syndrome...

    Authors: Neil A. J. Ryan, Dominic Blake, Marcus Cabrera-Dandy, Mark A. Glaire, D. Gareth Evans and Emma J. Crosbie
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:121
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  34. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterised by elevated levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from birth, estimated to affect 1 in 250 of the UK populatio...

    Authors: Fiona J. Kinnear, Rachel Perry, Aidan Searle, Julian P. Hamilton-Shield and Fiona E. Lithander
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:120
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  35. The rate of caesarean sections increased in the last decades to about 30% of births in western populations. Many caesarean sections are electively planned without an urgent medical reason for mother or child. ...

    Authors: Barbara Prediger, Stephanie Polus, Tim Mathes, Stefanie Bühn, Frank Louwen, Edmund A. M. Neugebauer and Dawid Pieper
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:119
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  36. Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are often treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and, if indicated, autologous stem cell transplant. In addition to side effects of the treatment, patients with MM often have...

    Authors: Deepa Jeevanantham, Venkadesan Rajendran, Line Tremblay, Céline Larivière and Andrew Knight
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:118
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  37. Clinical study reports (CSRs) are produced for marketing authorisation applications. They often contain considerably more information about, and data from, clinical trials than corresponding journal publicatio...

    Authors: Alex Hodkinson, Kristina Charlotte Dietz, Carol Lefebvre, Su Golder, Mark Jones, Peter Doshi, Carl Heneghan, Tom Jefferson, Isabelle Boutron and Lesley Stewart
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:117
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. The prevalence of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is estimated between 0.15 and 1.2%, with many of those patients experiencing severe fatigue. Current axSpA assessment guidance recommends use of a single-item ...

    Authors: Nathan A. Pearson, Jonathan C. Packham, Helen Parsons and Kirstie L. Haywood
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:116
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  39. With age, the acuity of the five senses (i.e., hearing, sight, taste, smell, touch) is reduced. These types of sensory changes can affect day-to-day activities, making it more difficult for individuals to comm...

    Authors: Chantal Backman, Michelle Crick, Danielle Cho-Young, Megan Scharf and Beverley Shea
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:115
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  40. Approximately 14% of Africans infected with HIV are over the age of 50, yet few intervention studies focus on improving access to care, retention in care, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in this ...

    Authors: Lucia Knight, Ferdinand C. Mukumbang and Enid Schatz
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:114
    Content type: Systematic review update Published on:

  41. The importance of sex and gender considerations in research is being increasingly recognized. Evidence indicates that sex and gender can influence intervention effectiveness. We assessed the extent to which se...

    Authors: Jennifer Petkovic, Jessica Trawin, Omar Dewidar, Manosila Yoganathan, Peter Tugwell and Vivian Welch
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:113
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. We estimated the effectiveness of serial B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) blood testing to guide up-titration of medication compared with symptom-guided up-titration of medication in patients with heart failur...

    Authors: Maria Pufulete, Rachel Maishman, Lucy Dabner, Julian P. T. Higgins, Chris A. Rogers, Mark Dayer, John MacLeod, Sarah Purdy, William Hollingworth, Morten Schou, Manuel Anguita-Sanchez, Patric Karlström, Michael Kleiner Shochat, Theresa McDonagh, Angus K. Nightingale and Barnaby C. Reeves
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:112
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. The evaluation of imprecision is a key dimension of the grading of the confidence in the estimate. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) gives recommendations on how to down...

    Authors: Greta Castellini, Matteo Bruschettini, Silvia Gianola, Christian Gluud and Lorenzo Moja
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:110
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  45. Clinical research investigating effective intervention strategies for adolescents to improve health behaviors has shifted to the application of motivational interviewing (MI). Evidence indicates that MI is an ...

    Authors: Christina Mutschler, Erica Naccarato, Jen Rouse, Caitlin Davey and Kelly McShane
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:109
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Malaria remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in most low- and middle-income countries. Chloroquine is a previously cheap and effective antimalarial agent whose loss to resistance result...

    Authors: Moses Ocan, Dickens Akena, Sam Nsobya, Moses R. Kamya, Richard Senono, Alison Annet Kinengyere and Ekwaro A. Obuku
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:108
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  47. Daily iron-folic acid supplementation reduces anemia and various adverse obstetric outcomes such as preterm delivery, low birthweight, hemorrhage, and perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. However, i...

    Authors: Mohammed Akibu, Tesfalidet Tekelab, Abdella Amano, Merga Besho, Stephanie Grutzmacher, Mesfin Tadese and Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:107
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  48. Rates of cannabis use are highest during emerging adulthood (age 18–25), with the prevalence of near daily and daily increasing among this age group. Emerging adults are clinically challenging in terms of harm...

    Authors: Jillian Halladay, Tashia Petker, Allan Fein, Catharine Munn and James MacKillop
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:106
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  49. Metformin is one of the most commonly used drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite its efficacy and safety, metformin is frequently associated with highly variable glycemic responses, which is hypot...

    Authors: Edith Pascale Mofo Mato, Magellan Guewo-Fokeng, M. Faadiel Essop and Peter Mark Oroma Owira
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:105
    Content type: Protocol Published on:

  50. Gastrointestinal cancer patients are susceptible to significant postoperative morbidity. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of preoperative exercise therapy (PET) on patients undergoi...

    Authors: Sarah A. Vermillion, Alston James, Robert D. Dorrell, Peter Brubaker, Shannon L. Mihalko, Adrienne R. Hill and Clancy J. Clark
    Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:103
    Content type: Research Published on:
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