Table 1 Characteristic of included studies in meta-analysis
studies | Country | Study Design | Participant | Sex | Sample size | Trial Duration (Week) | Means Age | Means BMI | Intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IG | CG | IG | CG | IG | CG | Rice bran dose (g/d) | Control group | ||||||
Kestin et al. 1990 (A) [31] | Australia | Cross over (R, DB) | Mildly hypercholesterolemic patients | Male | 24 | 24 | 4 | 46.0 ± 10.0 | 46.0 ± 10.0 | 25.4 ± 2.0 | 25.4 ± 2.0 | 60 | Slice of bread or muffin containing 35 g wheat bran |
Kestin et al. 1990 (B) [31] | Australia | Cross over (R, DB) | Mildly hypercholesterolemic patients | Male | 24 | 24 | 4 | 46.0 ± 10.0 | 46.0 ± 10.0 | 25.4 ± 2.0 | 25.4 ± 2.0 | 60 | Slice of bread or muffin containing 95 g oat bran |
Hegsted et al. 1993 [32] | United States | Cross over (R) | Mildly hypercholesterolemic patients | Both | 11 | 11 | 3 | 37 ± 10 | 37 ± 10 | 26.6 ± 3.4 | 26.6 ± 3.4 | 100 | Oat bran |
Gerhardt et al. 1998 (A) [33] | United States | parallel (R, PC, DB) | Moderately hypercholesterolemic patients | Both | 14 | 13 | 6 | 51.7 ± 1.5 | 51.7 ± 1.5 | 24.43 | 24.43 | 84 | Oat bran |
Gerhardt et al. 1998 (B) [33] | United States | parallel (R, PC, DB) | Moderately hypercholesterolemic patients | Both | 14 | 17 | 6 | 51.7 ± 1.5 | 51.7 ± 1.5 | 24.43 | 24.43 | 84 | Rice starch |
Tazakori et al. 2006 [12] | Iran | parallel (PC, DB) | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus & hypertriglyceridemic | Both | 30 | 30 | 4 | 48 ± 10 | 50 ± 9.3 | 27.3 ± 3.5 | 26.2 ± 4 | 20 | White flour without fiber |
Matani et al. 2006 [34] | Iran | parallel (R) | Moderately Hypercholesterolemic | Female | 10 | 9 | 4 | 51 ± 6 | 54 ± 7 | 31 ± 5 | 28 ± 4 | 40 | wheat bran |
Cheng et al. 2010 [13] | Taiwan | parallel (R, PC, DB) | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Both | 17 | 11 | 12 | 58.9 ± 10.4 | 57.7 ± 5.7 | 25.0 ± 2.2 | 25.6 ± 2.1 | 20 | milled rice flour |
Rondanelli et al. 2011 [35] | Italy | Cross over (R) | Mildly hypercholesterolemic patients | Male | 24 | 24 | 4 | 50.33 ± 5.34 | 50.33 ± 5.34 | 24.9 ± 1.9 | 24.9 ± 1.9 | 30 | Beta glucan enriched foods |
Borresen et al. 2016 (A) [36] | United States | parallel (R, SB) | Colorectal Cancer Survivors | Both | 9 | 10 | 4 | 62 ± 8 | 59 ± 12 | 28.7 ± 5.2 | 28.5 ± 7.9 | 30 | Cooked navy bean powder enriched foods |
Borresen et al. 2016 (B) [36] | United States | parallel (R, SB) | Colorectal Cancer Survivors | Both | 9 | 10 | 4 | 62 ± 8 | 64 ± 14 | 28.7 ± 5.2 | 27.3 ± 3.3 | 30 | same ingredients as the intervention foods, but did not include NB or RB |