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Table 1 Patients, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes, Study design (PICOS) framework

From: A comprehensive evaluation between dexmedetomidine and midazolam for intraoperative sedation in the elderly: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PICOS

Searched items

Patients (a + b)

 a

The elderly; The old man; The old patient; The elderly patients; The aged

 b

Intraoperative sedation; Sedation; Surgery sedation, Surgical sedation; Anesthesia and analgesia; Anesthesia sedation; Intraoperative anesthesia; Surgery anesthesia; Surgical anesthesia

 Interventions

Dexmedetomidine, Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride, Hydrochloride Dexmedetomidine

 Comparisons

Midazolam, Benzodiazepine, Compounds, Benzodiazepine, Benzodiazepinones, devazepide

Outcomes

 Primary outcomes

Hemodynamic changes (MAP, HR, SBP, DBP, RR, SPO2), Sedative effect (OAA/S, BIS), and Cognitive function (MMSE, POCD)

 Secondary outcomes

Analgesic effect (RASS, VAS), Surgical characteristics (operation time, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, time of extubation), Complications or adverse reactions (agitation, hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression, postoperative nausea and vomiting, bradycardia and shivering)

 Studies design

Random control study, Control study, Random control trial, Clinical control trial, Clinical trial, Randomized control trial, Randomized controlled trial