Population | |
Geographic area | All countries |
Establishment | Long-term care: nursing homes, assisted-living facilities, homes for the aged, retirement homes. Excluded: acute care. |
Residents | All residents of LTCFs. Excluded: residents staying <72 h |
Infections | Influenza viruses, noroviruses, Salmonella sp., Group A Streptococcus, Sarcoptes scabiei, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Legionella spp., Parainfluenza viruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Adenoviruses (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis), Hepatitis B virus, Clostridium perfringens, Rhinoviruses, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Shigella sp., Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2), rotaviruses, Campylobacter sp., trichophyton |
Interventions | |
Clinical best practices (CBPs) | Hand hygiene; hygiene and sanitation; screening on admission; basic and additional precautions. Excluded: antibiotics and any other medications. |
Comparators and designs | Quantitative studies: controlled clinical trials, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, longitudinal studies, follow-up studies, prospective studies, retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies, studies based on mathematical/statistical modelling, simulations. Excluded: qualitative studies, literature reviews (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, meta-syntheses, scoping reviews). |
Outcomes | |
Types of economic evaluation | Cost-minimization analysis (CMA), cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-utility analysis (CUA), cost-benefit analysis (CBA), or cost-consequences analysis (CCA). Excluded: technological assessments, purely clinical studies, and pharmacological studies. |
Measures of economic evaluation | Costs estimates of CBPs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year, incremental cost per disability-adjusted life year and the incremental cost-benefit ratio, net costs, and net cost savings |