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Table 1 Population, interventions, comparators and designs, and outcome framework

From: Economic evaluation of healthcare-associated infection prevention and control in long-term care: a systematic review protocol

Population

Geographic area

All countries

Establishment

Long-term care: nursing homes, assisted-living facilities, homes for the aged, retirement homes. Excluded: acute care.

Residents

All residents of LTCFs. Excluded: residents staying <72 h

Infections

Influenza viruses, noroviruses, Salmonella sp., Group A Streptococcus, Sarcoptes scabiei, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Legionella spp., Parainfluenza viruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Adenoviruses (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis), Hepatitis B virus, Clostridium perfringens, Rhinoviruses, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Shigella sp., Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2), rotaviruses, Campylobacter sp., trichophyton

Interventions

Clinical best practices (CBPs)

Hand hygiene; hygiene and sanitation; screening on admission; basic and additional precautions. Excluded: antibiotics and any other medications.

Comparators and designs

Quantitative studies: controlled clinical trials, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, longitudinal studies, follow-up studies, prospective studies, retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies, studies based on mathematical/statistical modelling, simulations. Excluded: qualitative studies, literature reviews (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, meta-syntheses, scoping reviews).

Outcomes

Types of economic evaluation

Cost-minimization analysis (CMA), cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-utility analysis (CUA), cost-benefit analysis (CBA), or cost-consequences analysis (CCA). Excluded: technological assessments, purely clinical studies, and pharmacological studies.

Measures of economic evaluation

Costs estimates of CBPs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year, incremental cost per disability-adjusted life year and the incremental cost-benefit ratio, net costs, and net cost savings