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Table 3 Distribution of medicine pricing policies according to implementation countries

From: Implementation of medicines pricing policies in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review

Domains

Specific medicine pricing policy

Country

Reference

Targeted public subsidies

Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria

Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, Madagascar

Fink, 2014 [41], Sabot 2009 [38], Smith, 2011 [37], Tougher 2014 [62], Ye 2015 [66]

Free medicines scheme

Cameroon, Mali

d’ Almeida 2011 [47], Ponsar 2011 [39]

Equity fund

Madagascar

Honda 2013 [53]

Subsidy schemes

Tanzania, Uganda, Senegal

Ponsar 2011 [39] & Tougher 2014 [62]

Regulatory framework and direct price control

State price regulation frameworks

Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Mali, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe

Liu 2017 [54], Maiga 2010 [55]

Reference-based pricing systems

South Africa

Casar & Suleman 2019 [50], de Jager & Suleman 2019 [44], Rothberg 2004 [61], Steyn 2007 [43]

Single exit price (SEP) policies

South Africa

Steyn 2007 [43], Moodley & Suleman 2019a [57] and Moodley and Suleman 2019b [58], Bangalee and Suleman 2016 [45], Bangalee and Suleman 2019 [46]

Pharmacy and Poisons Act

Sudan

Ali and Yahia 2012 [36]

Reimbursement schemes

Ghana

Ashigbie 2016 [49]

Generic medicine pricing policies

Generic medicine pricing policies

South Africa, Mali, Kenya

Bangalee and Suleman 2016 [45], Bangalee and Suleman 2019 [46], de Jager and Suleman 2019 [44], Maïga 2010 [55], Nicolosi 2009 [59], Ongarora 2019 [60] and Wilson 2012 [65]

Cost recovery and generics

Mali

Maïga 2003 [56]

Purchasing policies

Public-private partnership

South Africa, Tanzania

Walwyn 2018 [63], Wiedenmayer 2019 [64]

Revolving drug fund policy

Sudan, Kenya

Ali, 2009 [48] and Tran et al. 2020 [42]